الفهرس 
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Abstract
This thesis focuses on the use of pectin and modified pectin as an environmentally friendly thickening agent. The extraction of these new thickening agents from orange and pomegranate peels for printing cotton with reactive and mint dyes, wool with acid and mint dyes, acrylic with basic, disperse, and mint dyes, and polyester with disperse and mint dyes, as well as the investigation of rheological characteristics and viscosity of printing paste.
Studying the influence of pH and storage duration on the prepared thickener. Antimicrobial properties and physical and mechanical properties were evaluated.
Anionic modification is used to improve the dye ability and antibacterial impact of natural (mint dye) and manmade dyes (such as disperse, basic, reactive and acid dyes) for dyeing and printing. It also focuses on lowering the chemicals used in dyeing baths, which leads to fewer environmental hazards posed by the textile industry and to overcome the limitations of natural dye hues and the requirement for mordants.
The effects of polymer concentration, pH, temperature and time were studied. Color strength, dye fixation, relative unlevelness index (RUI), and fastness properties were all examined. Antimicrobial characteristics, physical and mechanical properties, and the carboxyl content of anionic polymers were also assessed.