الفهرس 
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Abstract
NS is the clinical manifestation of glomerular diseases associated with heavy (nephrotic-range) proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, edema, and hyperlipidemia.
NS is the most common cause of CKD in children, and is more common in children aged over five years. About 90% of cases of NS in children are idiopathic and steroid sensitive, with a favorable prognosis, while the remaining 10% of cases are SRNS. Thirty percent to 40% of steroid-resistant cases progress to ESRD within five years of disease process.
INS accounts for 15–30% of glomerulopathies. It involves minimal change disease (MCD), focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS), diffuse mesangial sclerosis, and membranous nephropathy.
Thirty to forty percent of steroid-resistant cases progress to end stage renal disease (ESRD) within five years of disease process.
We aimed to evaluate FE Mg in children with NS and to determine the association of FE Mg with steroid responsiveness.
We included 44 children with NS, 22 steroid-responsive cases and 22 steroid-resistant cases. This work was performed in the Pediatric Nephrology unit, Menoufia University Hospital and Atfal-Misr Hospital during the period from February to December 2021.
All patients fulfilling the inclusion criteria were evaluated for FE Mg.
The results of the present study show that the mean age, age of onset of NS, gender, weight, and height did not show any significant association between the steroid sensitive cases and the steroid resistant cases.
Summary
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Hypertension was present in 45.5% of the cases in the SRNS group, but 18.2% only of SSNS group. Presence of hypertension was statistically significant between the two groups.
The results show that Serum albumin was statistically significantly lower in SRNS. Spot protein creatinine ratio was statistically significantly higher in SRNS. Serum sodium, serum potassium, serum urea and serum cholesterol were statistically non-significant between the two groups.
There were statistically significant difference between the two groups as regard urine creatinine, plasma and urine Mg. SRNS patients had a low level of urine creatinine. However, SSNS patients had a high level of urine creatinine (P = 0.011). Plasma Mg level in SRNS patients was lower than the SSNS patients (P = 0.003). Urine Mg level in SRNS was significantly higher than SSNS (P <0.001).
The results show that FE Mg was higher in the SRNS patients than in the SSNS patients. The mean FE Mg was statistically significant (P <0.001) between the two groups.