الفهرس 
Trunk kinematics and lumbar repositioning error in Patellofemoral pain syndrome
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Abstract
Background: Patello-Femoral Pain Syndrome (PFPS) is a challenging clinical problem that affects up to 30% of the population. Altered trunk kinematics in the frontal plane was found in males and females with PFPS compared to control participants. Yet, sagittal trunk kinematics during mini squatting and lumbar proprioception has not been extensively studied. Purposes: The purpose of this study was to investigate the differences in sagittal trunk kinematics during mini-squatting and lumbar active repositioning error between individuals with and without PFPS and to determine gender differences in the outcome variables. Methods: A sample of 56 students (age ranged 18-25 years old) were enrolled in current study.They were divided into two groups group (I) (Study Group) included thirty patients with PFPS; group (II) (Control Group) included Twenty six participant, Sagittal trunk excursion during mini-squatting was examined by a 2D photogrammetric analysis using Surgimap software and Isokinetic dynamometer was used to assess lumbar active flexion repositioning error Result: The results of the current study showed that Sagittal trunk excursion was significantly (p<0.05) lower in females with PFPS than males during mini-squatting. Regarding lumbar active repositioning error, neither main nor interaction significant (p>0.05) effects were found.Conclusion: from the obtained results of this study, it is concluded that females with PFPS exhibited less erect trunk posture than males during mini-squatting