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Abstract
submandibular salivary glands of STZ-induced diabetic albino rat. Materials and methods:Thirty male adult healthy albino rats, weighting 150-200 gms, were used in the present study. Animals were divided into three equal groups, consisting of 10 rats each. group I represented the normal healthy control rats. group II received a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (35-40 mg/kg) to induce diabetes. group III represented diabetic rats received daily intra peritoneal injection of panax ginseng extract at dose of 200 mg/kg body weight for 4 weeks. Blood glucose levels were measured each week throughout the experimental period.All the animals in group I, II and III were scarified by intra peritoneal injection of ketamine (100 mg/kg) after 4 weeks from the beginning of ginseng extract treatment.The submandibular salivary glands of all rats were dissected out. In all the experimental groups, the specimens (submandibular glands) of one side were fixed in formalin solution, processed and embedded in paraffin. The paraffin sections were stained with H&E for routine histological examination. Histomorphometric measuring of the number of the seromucousacini/æm² were done for H&E stained sections using an image analyzer computer system. The paraffin sections mounted on electrically charged slides were subjected to immunohistochemical examination using caspase-3 antibody. By using image analyzer, the area percentage of the caspase-3 immunoreactivity was measured. The specimens of the other side were washed in saline solution then subjected toRT-PCR examination to detect RAGE gene mRNA expression. The results revealed that administration of panax ginseng extract to diabetic rats led to: a-Significant reduction in blood glucose levels (Anti-hyperglycemic). b-Marked attenuation of the histopathological changes resulted from diabetic state in rat{u2019}s submandibular salivary glands. c-Significant reduction in caspase-3 immunoexpression (Anti-apoptotic). d-Significant reduction in RAGE gene mRNA expression (Anti-inflammatory)