الفهرس 
IntroductionOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
The research included a study of the genetic material and the changes obtained by it and its effects, then an explanation of mutagenic materials, there mechanism of action, and methods of prevention, as the genetic material consists of two strands of DNA within the chromosomes in the nucleus of the cell that control and manage all the vital work in the cell as well as it determines the external shape of the organism. For many physical and chemical substances that affect the DNA molecule and cause changes that may be passed on to subsequent generations, leading to mutations, they are changes in the sequence or number of nucleotides in DNA that lead to the formation of new sequences of nucleotides, so their effects are transmitted with certain characteristics to children. These mutations can be divided into multiple types, including chromosomal mutations and genetic mutations (point), as chromosomal mutations occur in a sudden change in the number of chromosomes or the method of their system and arise from this change the emergence of a new trait. As for genetic mutations, they are defined as a change in a very small piece of the DNA and usually, it is including one nucleotide or a pair of nucleotides, examples include sickle cell anemia, thalassemia, and an increased number of fingers, impaired mind, and survival of childhood trait into adulthood. As for mutagens, they are physical or chemical agents that have the ability, in a significant way, to increase the frequency of mutations above their normal rate. Examples are many, including rays and a group of chemicals such as HNO2 and NH2OH and a group of compounds known as alkylating agents and the use of heat. The prevention of mutagenic substances, this is done through a group of factors called protective materials, including Cysteine, Cystamine, Mercaptoethyl, Quinidine, and Glutathione, which protect the body of the organism from genetic mutations and diseases. Related to it and needs to be present at the time of irradiation, and it must be closer to the target site that is damaged by radiation, as well as the researchers were able to distinguish several anti-mutagenic compounds in garlic extract Garlic extract has also been shown to inhibit the mutagenic effect of cyclophosphamide and Maitocin C, which is used in the treatment of some cancer cases. Garlic extracts have an inhibitory effect on the mutagenic ability of the pesticide zinc phosphide. On the other hand, honey has great anti-mutagenic efficacy proven by inhibiting the mutagenic ability of gamma rays and the drug Mitomycin C. Also studies have shown that ascetic dates have the inhibitory ability against some chemical mutagens such as Mitomycin C and Cyclophosphamide and the physical mutagenic properties such as radiation.