الفهرس 
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Abstract
The present work was carried out at El- Gimmizah Research Station, El-Gharbia governorate, belonging to the Animal Production Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Ministry of Agricultural in cooperation with Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Tanta University, during the period from July 2020 to January 2021. A total of 24 healthy Friesian female calves with 13.53±0.30 months of age and 209.04±9.23 kg live body weight (LBW), animals were divided randomly into four experimental groups according to age and body weight (6 in each). all animals were fed concentrate mixture (CFM), berseem hay (BH) and rice straw (RS) according to the recommendation of Animal Production Research Institute, for growing calves. The first group as control, animals received a basal diet and drenched 3 liters of saline solution (Nacl 0.9%) without any treatment (T1). Animals in T2, T3, and T4 were received the control diet with daily oral-dose of 300ml propylene glycol (PG) , 335ml calcium propionate (CP), or 150ml PG +165ml CP dissolved in 3 liters of (NaCl 0.9%) head/ twice a week, respectively by used feeder pump by oral. All experimental Friesian heifers were kept under the same housing system (individually in semi-open sheds), environment and management conditions. The results obtained can be summarized as follows: 1.Blood biochemical parameters: 1.1.Concentrations of plasma total proteins: Results showed that the concentration of total proteins in Friesian female calves blood at pre-puberty, at puberty and at conception periods were significantly increased (P<0.05) by the combination treatment of PG and CP (T4) as compared by T1, while T2 and T3 showed the moderated values at both periods. 1.2.Concentrations of plasma albumin: Results showed that the concentration of albumin in Friesian female calves blood at pre-puberty, at puberty and at conception periods were significantly increased (P<0.05) by the combination treatment of PG and CP (T4) as compared by T1, while T2 and T3 showed the moderated values at both periods. 1.3.Concentrations of plasma globulin: Results showed that the concentration of globulin in Friesian female calves blood at pre-puberty, at puberty and at conception periods were significantly increased (P<0.05) by the combination treatment of PG and CP (T4) as compared by T1, while T2 and T3 showed the moderated values at both periods.N 2.Lipids profile: 2.1.Concentration of plasma total cholesterol: Results showed that the concentration of total cholesterol in Friesian female calves blood at pre-puberty, at puberty and at conception periods were significantly increased (P<0.05) by the combination treatment of PG and CP (T4) as compared by T1, while T2 and T3 showed the moderated values at both periods. 2.2.Concentration of plasma triglycerides: Results showed that the concentration of triglycerides in Friesian female calves blood at pre-puberty, at puberty and at conception periods were significantly increase (P<0.05) by the combination treatment of PG and CP (T4) as compared by T1, while T2 and T3 showed the moderated values at both periods. 2.3.Concentration of plasma total lipids: Results showed that the concentration of total lipids in Friesian female calves blood at pre-puberty, at puberty and at conception periods were significantly increase (P<0.05) by the combination treatment of PG and CP (T4) as compared by T1, while T2 and T3 showed the moderated values at both periods. 3.Kidney function: 3.1Concentration of plasma urea nitrogen: Results showed that the concentration of urea nitrogen in Friesian female calves blood at pre-puberty, at puberty and at conception periods were significantly decrease (P<0.05) by the combination treatment of PG and CP (T4) as compared by T1, while T2 and T3 showed the moderated values at both periods. 3.2.Concentration of plasma creatinine: Results showed that the concentration of creatinine in Friesian female calves blood at pre-puberty, at puberty and at conception periods were significantly decrease (P<0.05) by the combination treatment of PG and CP (T4) as compared by T1, while T2 and T3 showed the moderated values at both periods. 4.Liver function: 4.1.Concentration of plasma enzymes AST: Results showed that the concentration of liver enzymes AST in Friesian female calves blood at pre-puberty, at puberty and at conception periods were significantly decrease (P<0.05) by the combination treatment of PG and CP (T4) as compared by T1, while T2 and T3 showed the moderated values at both periods. 4.2.Concentration of plasma enzymes ALT: Results showed that the concentration of liver enzymes ALT in Friesian female calves blood at pre-puberty, at puberty and at conception periods were significantly decrease (P<0.05) by the combination treatment of PG and CP (T4) as compared by T1, while T2 and T3 showed the moderated values at both periods. 4.3.Concentrations of plasma glucose: Results showed that the concentration of blood plasma glucose was not affected by different treatments at pre-puberty, while it being high significantly (P<0.05) in T4 at the other periods (puberty and conception). The concentration of glucose did not affected significantly by T1, T2 and T3 treatments. 5.Live body weight at (Pre-puberty – Puberty – Conception ) periods: Data showed that the live body weight (LBW) of Friesian heifers did not affected at pre-puberty period by different treatment groups. At puberty, heifers in T4 showed the heavy LBW (P<0.05) followed by T3 then T2 and finally T1 (control). Data cleared that, at conception period the higher LBW (P<0.05) was recorded in different treatment groups (T2-T4) as compared with non-treated group (control; T1). 6. Age at (Pre-puberty – Puberty – Conception ) periods: Data showed that Friesian heifers had the same age at pre-puberty period with average of 13 month. The heifers in T4 had the early time (P<0.05) to shown puberty followed by T3 and T2, while those in T1 showed the late time (P<0.05). In this respect, heifers in T4 were concept early (P<0.05) than T1, while those in T2 and T3 were concept before those in T1 and after T4. 7.Plasma progesterone concentration: Results showed that plasma progesterone concentration (ng/ml) was significantly (P<0.05) improved by propionates treatment, being the increased in G4, moderate in G2 and G3, and the decreased in the control group G1. 8.reproductive performance parameters: Results showed that all reproductive performance parameters was significantly (P<0.05) improved by propionates treatment, being the decreased in G4, moderate in G2 and G3, and the increased in the control group G1 (Table 21). Pregnancy rate (PR) was the highest in G4, followed by G2 and G3, and the lowest in G1 (P<0.05) within 90-day post-service. Generally, Feeding Friesian female calves on diet supplemented with 150ml propylene glycol plus 165 g calcium propionate /head/twice a week had a greater improve on blood total proteins, albumin, globulin and glucose at puberty and conception periods, while total cholesterol, total lipids, triglycerides, urea nitrogen, creatinine, AST and ALT enzymes were reduced significantly and at puberty (1st service) and conception periods, heifers had the heavy live body weight with early time to shown puberty and conception.