الفهرس 
Title : The influence of two land-surface hydrology schemes on the regional climate of africa using the regCM4 model
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Abstract
Modeling of land surface processes is critically important for the regional climate simulation as well as the biogeochemical processes (e.g. photosynthesis) which are affected by the status of climate, soil moisture and vegetation. Hence, the main objective of the current thesis is to explore the influence of different runoff schemes (as land surface process)-variable infiltration capacity (VIC) and SIMTOP (TOP) on the regional surface climate and gross primary produc-tion of Africa for three cases. To achieve such a goal, six 12-year simulations were conducted and integrated from 1998 till 2010, each case comprises two simulations. The results from the first two examines the influence of the two runoff schemes (TOP and VIC) on the surface energy balance partitioning and surface climate-while the vegetation status is static. The results show that the VIC scheme outperforms the default TOP scheme for simulating the surface energy balance and surface climate too. The second two uses the VIC runoff scheme and examines the influence of static (satellite phe-nology - SP mode) and interactive vegetation (by enabling the CN module) on the surface energy balance and regional climate of Africa. When CN module is enabled, the leaf area index (LAI) is severely decreased in the tropical region especially over the evergreen forest area. This leads to a remarkable decrease in vegetative evaporation and transpiration, and a pronounced increase of soil evaporation in comparison with the static vegetation case