الفهرس 
Title: Immunohistochemical expression of programmed death ligand 1 (PDL-1) in colorectal cancer
AbstractOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Background: Colorectal carcinoma CRC is the third most commonly diagnosed cancer and the fourth leading cause of cancer death worldwide and a leading cause of cancer related deaths. Based on insight into immune system / cancer interactions, cancer immunotherapy strategies have been developed. Of these strategies, immune checkpoints regulators are among the most important. Programmed Death Ligand 1 (PD-L1) is one of the 2 ligands of Programmed Death-1 (PD-1); an important immune checkpoint regulator. Clinical trials using PD-L1 antibodies have shown efficacy in various cancers. Some of these antibodies have received Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval for clinical use