الفهرس 
INTRODUCTIONOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
 |  | from | 168 |  |  |
| | | from | 168 | | |
Abstract
Plant viruses are regarded as one of the most serious threats to food security around the world, and they are responsible for significant crop losses (Abdelkhalek et al. 2021). Plant viruses are a severe threat to agricultural productivity, and they cost growers a lot of money each year, both directly in terms of yield and quality loss, and indirectly in terms of time and money spent on disease scouting and control. Furthermore, the world’s population is quickly expanding, and global food production must keep pace with the demands of human consumption. In order to ensure the quality and abundance of food safety, viral infections must be regulated. Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) and Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) are highly variable viruses that infect a broad range of plants and are distributed worldwide (Abdelkhalek and Hafez 2020). They are considered two of the most important viruses infecting plants worldwide. Consequently, the present investigation was aimed to identify and evaluate the TMV and CMV Egyptian isolate based on different biological, serological and molecular tools, in addition to provide a powerful diagnostic tool for early detection of TMV and CMV in infected tissues as well as provide new insights into the molecular mechanism of plant-virus interactions. It is very important to recognize a sensitive, simple, reliable, inexpensive method for detection of the plant viruses. Generally, enzymelinked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) participate as a powerful tool in serological characterization of many viruses technique has been used successfully to detect a wide range of plant viruses. (Fegla and Younes, 1996). Serological detection by indirect ELISA, revealed the involvement of TMV and CMV with symptoms of collected tomato leaves samples.