الفهرس 
INTRODUCTION AND LITERATURE SURVEYOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
SUMMARY
This thesis presented a study on the fire behavior and fire toxicity of various polypropylene composites and the development of PP reference materials certified for the horizontal and vertical rate of burning properties. The work was based on the preparation of a new single molecule intumescent flame retardant, MPPH and using different amounts of it to prepare PP composites. PP and MPPH25 and MPPH35 composites were selected based on their fire and toxicity performance for characterization as reference materials and the study was successfully completed and three fully certified reference materials were produced. This thesis consists of three chapters:
Chapter (I): introduction to polymeric materials is given regarding flame retardancy, flame retardancy mechanisms of polymeric composites, flammability testing and fire toxicity (toxic gases evolved from combustion). It also included a literature survey on IFR composites concerning their different formulations, types, synergistic agents and flame retardancy action. Plus, a survey of the literature on reference materials.
from this literature survey, it was obvious that there was no previous work concerning the production of reference materials for UL94 horizontal and vertical flammability tests.
Chapter (II): included the experimental part, the materials, instruments used and measurements.
Chapter (III): included seven sections:
1- A new single molecule intumescent flame retardant, MPPH was prepared. characterization of MPPH using FTIR, 1H NMR, XRD and EDX was discussed in details. The prepared IFR was used to prepare flame retardant PP composites.
2- Thermal stability of PP and its composites was evaluated using TGA. Combustion properties of PP and IFRPPs were investigated.
3- Toxicity of fire effluent of PP and IFR PP composites were evaluated and compared considering smoke obscuration and toxic gases.
4- The flame retardation mechanism was discussed by analyzing the char residues of the samples after smoke density testing using FTIR, SEM images and EDXS.
5- Development of a reference material for the Horizontal rate of burning UL94 test and two reference materials for the vertical test was well discussed in appropriate compliance with ISO guides and standards, involving characterization using bilateral-laboratory comparison, statistical evaluation of obtained data using F-Test, T-Test, Kolmogorov- Smirnov test and Grubb’s test; homogeneity study and analysis using ANOVA; and stability monitoring using DSC and measurements of horizontal and vertical burning rates.
6- Uncertainties associated with the property values of the produced reference materials were estimated.
7- Traceability of measurements to SI units has been stated.
Finally, all information in this thesis was supported by a recent list of references.