الفهرس 
Effect of probiotic and emulsifier supplementation in milk on health and performance of suckling dairy calves
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Abstract
In the current study two experimental feeding trials were conducted to visualize the effects of feeding two types of feed additives in daily milk intake on performance, antioxidant status and incidence of diarrhea in neonatal Holstein dairy calves. The first trial was designedto study the effectof feeding a multispecies probiotic containingBacillus subtilis,Bacillus licheniformis and Enterococcus faeciumon performanceand incidence of diarrhea in neonatal Holstein dairy calves.Atotal of twenty-four mixed sex newborn Holsteincalves (12 males and 12 females) were randomly distributed into three experimental groups. The first group served as control group (CON) and was fed three times daily on whole milk only without any additives.The second group (PRO5) was fed on whole milk supplemented with 20 grams of the probiotic for five successive days only. The third group (PRO10) was fed on whole milk supplemented with 20 grams of the probiotic for ten successive days. The experiment lasted for 20days. Results revealed that body weight and body weight gain were not significantly affected by probiotic supplementation,however,heart girth tended to increase in probiotic supplemented calves (P = 0.08).Incidence of calf diarrhea was 50% in CON, and 37.5% in both PRO5 and PRO10 groups. Serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and reduced glutathione (GSH) were significantly reduced (P = 0.05), while globulin level tended to increase (P = 0.10) in both probiotic treated groups compared to the control group