الفهرس 
Title : The prevalence of extra root canals and the root canal configuration in mandibular anterior teeth in a sample of egyptian population using cone beam computed tomography :
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Abstract
Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the number and morphological characteristics of the roots and root canals in mandibular anterior teeth, using cone beam computed tomography. Methods and Materials: In this cross-sectional study, a total of 165 of lower anterior teeth including centrals (55), laterals (56) and canines (54) from 28 CBCT scans were examined. Gender of patients was registered for each scan. The teeth were investigated in terms of the number of roots and root canals, the canal configuration according to Vertucci classification and the location of canal{u2019}s division.Results: Teeth with accessory canals represented 24.8% (41 teeth) of the whole sample, whereas teeth with two roots were represented only in 2.4% (4 teeth) and found in canines only. Regarding canal configuration, Type I configuration showed the highest prevalence of 75.2% (124 teeth), followed by Type III representing 21.2% (35 teeth). More than half of the canals were divided in the middle third with prevalence 56.1% (23). Concerning gender, double rooted teeth were only 3 cases (3%) in females, and one case (1.6%) in males, but more secondary root canals were found in males. Lastly, teeth showed almost the same distribution on both sides of the jaw (83 teeth on the right side and 82 on the left side).Conclusions: The root canal morphology of mandibular anterior teeth has great diversity that it differs between different races and populations, and Egyptian practitioners should assume that second canal exists especially in incisors and should pay extra attention to provide the best results