الفهرس 
Geometric analysis of mesio-buccal root canals of mandibular molars prepared by (M-pro), flexmaster and RaCe file systems An in vitro study
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Abstract
Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare 3 file systems; M-Pro, Flexmaster and RaCe in preparing moderately severe curved mesiobuccal canals of human mandibular molars regarding: transportation of the canal, the centering ability and change of radius of canal curvature, using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) scanning. Materials and methods: A total of fifty-one mesiobuccal root canals of extracted human mandibular first and second molars with the angle of curvature ranging 20-35 {u0366} (according to Schneider) were collected and divided into three equal groups; M-pro, Flexmaster and RaCe. After access cavities preparation and working length determination, the distal roots with the respective part of the crowns of all samples were sectioned at the furcation level and discarded. Samples were mounted in four acrylic resin molds for pre-instrumentation imaging using CBCT. Root canal preparation was done according to the manufacturers’ instructions of each NiTi system. The post-instrumentation imaging using CBCT was done with the same parameters of pre-instrumentation imaging. The pre and post-instrumentation CBCT images were superimposed using a fusion module of OnDemand 3D App software to measure the dentin thickness at the determined root canal levels (2,3, 5 and 8 mm from the tooth apex). Canal transportation and centering ability were recorded according to formula introduced by Gambill et al, while the change in the radius of canal curvature was recorded following Estrela et al. Data was tabulated and statistically analyzed. Results: There was no statistically significant difference among the three rotary systems in canal transportation and centering ability. M-pro group reported transportation at mesio-distal direction that was statistically significantly different at (2mm) and each of (3mm), (5mm) and (8mm)