الفهرس 
IntroductionOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Summary
POWER HORSE,RED BULL, STING and other energy drinks are considered one of the most popular beverages around the world nowadays. They are usually ingestedduring different activities especially by adolescents and young adults. Recently, several admission in the emergency departments and poison centers in many different countries are recorded in relation to abuse of energy drinks consumption with lack of awareness for their ingredients and adverse effects.Many case reports of psychosis and hepatic injury have been reported in relation to energy drinks abuse.
In this study, eighty adult albino rats were randomly distributed into four groups, each group formed of twenty rats, group (I), group (II), group (III), and group (IV), received tap water, POWER HORSE, RED BULL, STING Energy Drinks, respectively in a high dose of (3.8ml/100g) orally, every day for 3 weeks.Then all animals were scarified. Blood samples were gained for biochemical analysis.Histopathologicalexamination of brain and liver was performedthrough Hematoxylin and Eosin staining.
Our results concerning energy drinks effects on brain disclosed significant increase of stimulant neurotransmitters of norepinephrine and dopaminewith significant decrease of inhibitory neurotransmitter of Gamma-aminobutyric acidin response to high dose of energy drinks, which were consistent with findings of histopathological examination that showed severe degenerative changes and necrosis of neural cells of the brain on the cerebral cortex and hippocambus neurons, indicating toxic effect of energy drinks on neurons of the brain.Concerning liver,all types of energy drinks used in the study showed detrimental effects of varying degrees on liver histopathological examination and liver enzymes. POWER HORSE energy drink had the most injurious effects on liver function enzymes accompanied with severe degenerative changes in liver tissue, RED BULL energy drink showed moderate injurious effects and STING had minimal detrimental effect on both parameters of biochemical analysis and histopathological examination of liver.
Conclusion
Energy drinks consumption in high dose hadmarkedhyperstimulating toxic effects on brain stimulatory neurotransmitters and degeneration of neurons in different regions of the brain. Also, differently usedenergy drinks in this study showed varying degrees of detrimental effects on both liver functions and histopathological examination of liver tissue.