الفهرس 
Gross anatomy of the brainOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a common cause of neurological disorders developing in early to middle adulthood which has a complex etiology including both genetic and environmental elements 1. It results in chronic inflammatory demyelination of the central nervous system (CNS), that produces focal lesions in the gray and white matter or diffuse neuro-degeneration of the whole brain2. The diagnosis of MS relies on neurological symptoms and signs, alongside evidence of the dissemination of CNS lesions in space and time. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is usually sufficient to confirm the diagnosis when characteristic lesions accompany a typical clinical presentation 3. Sizes, shapes, and locations of MS lesions have great versatility. However, typically, they have an oval shape, a diameter greater than or equal to 3 mm, and gather close to the ventricles and in the corpus callosum, although juxta-cortical and infra-tentorial regions are also common sites of involvement 4. Differentiating MS from its other mimics is critical whether demyelination is a feature like neuromyelitis optica and acute disseminated encephalomyelitis or non-demyelinating disorders like chronic small vessel disease and other inflammatory, granulomatous, infective, metabolic, and genetic disorders 5.