الفهرس 
Exogenous risk factorsOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Breast cancer is one of the most prevalent cancers that cause death in women all over the world. The incidence of breast cancer is increasing specially in the developmental countries. Chemotherapy is common in breast cancer management, but it still lacks specificity and cause massive side effects all over the body. Therefore, the search for new mechanistic pathways that involve in the disease progression may afford new valuable and targeted treatments. Prostaglandin E2 and β1-integrin have been correlated with breast cancer, where they both could enhance proliferation and invasion. Numerous studies showed the involvement of EP1 receptor and mediators like MEK, PKC and NF‐ҡB in the growth and division of numerous cancer cells through other down streaming intermediates. Celecoxib has demonstrated antitumorigenic effect in vivo and in vitro in different cancer types. Moreover, SC19220, as EP1 receptor antagonist, has been mentioned to suppress proliferation in human oral and hepatic cancers.