الفهرس 
Preterm LaborOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Intraventricular haemorrhage (IVH) is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in very low birth weight (VLBW) infants. IVH characterized as bleeding due to rupture of blood vessels within the germinal matrix tissue of the developing brain into the ventricular system and the incidence for IVH grades. IVH ranges in severity from grade I to the most severe grade IV. About 90%of cases of IVH occurs within first 3 days of the life (Szpecht et al., 2016).
A number of risk factors have been proposed for the development of IVH; low birth weight and gestational age maternal smoking, breech presentation, gender, premature rupture of membrane, intrauterine infection, mode of delivery, prolonged labor, postnatal resuscitation and intubation, transferal from one to another, early onset sepsis, developmental of respiratory distress syndrome or pneumothorax, recurrent endotracheal suction, metabolic acidosis and rapid bicarbonate infusion and high frequency ventilation (Lu et al., 2016). For reducing incidence of IVH, several pharmacological interventions have been proposed, including antenatal steroids (Julia et al., 2016), prenatal tocolytic therapy, postnatal administration of low dose indomethacin and surfactant (Mirza et al., 2013). Although magnesium sulphate (MgSo4) is used as a first line tocolytic agent in obstetric practice, there is controversy regarding its impact on neonatal outcome (Wolf et al., 2016). Several studies which tested hypothesis that antenatal exposure to Mg SO4 is neuroprotective for the low birth weight infants (Dane et al., 2018).