الفهرس 
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Abstract
Summary
Complications of endovascular femoral artery access include accidental venipunctures, accidental profunda femoris artery puncture, bruises and hematoma formation. Endovascular access complications increase morbidity and mortality among patients undergoing percutaneous therapeutic interventions with an incidence of between 1% and 11%, and several studies have shown that complications are associated with longer hospital stays, a 30-day high mortality rate, and even a one-year high mortality.
On comparison of ultrasound guidance and anatomical guidance of femoral artery, US guidance was found to reduce the risk of complications of femoral artery access, improves the success rate of the first pass and nearly eliminates cases of accidental femoral vein punctures, while reducing the time required for femoral artery access and shows an increase in the successful cannulation rate.
The time required for femoral artery access was significantly shorter among patients who underwent femoral artery access by using of ultrasound guidance compared to patients who had femoral artery access through anatomical guidance; the average time in minutes (2.19 vs. 4.22) in guided ultrasound access versus anatomical guided access.
The total number of attempts required to reach the femoral artery was significantly lower among those who had access to the femoral artery through ultrasound guidance compared with patients who had access to the femoral artery through anatomical guidance; the average number of attempts (1.60 vs 2.80) in the ultrasound guided access versus anatomical guidance respectively.
All the studied patients who have undergone femoral artery access through the using of ultrasound guidance had no accidental venipunctures in the present study with a statistically significant difference as compared with the anatomical guidance; (p-value= 0.013).
On the other hand; no accidental venipunctures occurred only in 3 cases (30%) among patients who have undergone femoral artery access through anatomical guidance, 4 cases (40%) had accidental veni-punctures one time, 2 cases (20%) had accidental venipunctures two times, and only one case had accidental veni-punctures three times.
Three cases (30%) in anatomical guidance access method had PFA puncture in opposite to no cases (0.00%) among US guidance access method; however no statistically significant difference was detected between anatomical and US guidance; (p-value= 0.105).
The occurrence of bruises post-operatively was higher among the group of anatomical guided access rather than the US guidance group; (p-value= 0.291). Three cases (30%) in anatomical guidance access method had post-operative bruises in opposite to one case (10%) among US guidance access method.