الفهرس 
IntroductionOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Diabetes is the 6th leading cause of death, accounting for more than 79,000 deaths annually. It also contributes to deaths from heart disease and stroke which are the leading and fifth-leading causes of death. There are three major types of diabetes: type 1, type 2, and gestational. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is considered one of the most popular metabolic disorders. Type 2 diabetes is caused by a combination of β-cell loss and dysfunction together with insulin resistance in target tissues. Untreated T2DM is associated with a lot of complications. These complications have traditionally been divided into macrovascular complications (for example, cardiovascular disease) and microvascular complications (for example, complications affecting the kidney, the retina and the nervous system). The present work aimed to analyse and compare the therapeutic effects of different concentrations of whey protein (10%, 20%, and 40%) and vildagliptin which is dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP4) inhibitor, in T2DM rat model and to clarify the molecular mechanisms underlying whey protein action