الفهرس 
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Abstract
The development of fast, accurate, sensitive, and low-cost analytical methodologies and techniques for the detection of cancer biomarkers and water pollution treatment are attractive researches area for scientists globally. Herein, a Schiff base ligand (A1) was prepared via the refluxing of 3-aminobenzoic acid with 1, 2-phenylenediamine. After that, a Nano Cu complex (N1) was synthesized by reacting A1 with copper chloride. The produced A1 and N1 were characterized using several techniques to determine their physicochemical properties. A density functional theory study was carried out to rationalize the experimental work and support the obtained results. Firstly, the nano Cu complex (N1) was used for the fabrication of a potentiometric membrane biosensor for the early detection of the prostate-specific antigen (PSA). The results reveal that the electrode displays a stable Nernstian response of 29.26 ± 0.87 mV per decade for PSA in a linear dynamic range of 5.0 pg mL−1– 10.0 ng mL−1, in a pH range of 6.5–9.2, with a short response time of 25 ± 5 s. The lifetime was between 5–7 weeks under different storage conditions. The detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) limits were 0.098 and 0.297 pg mL−1, respectively. The presence of different interfering species on the potentiometric biosensor response against PSA was investigated. The sensing mechanism of N1 toward PSA and the applicability of the developed electrode for the screening and quantification of PSA in real samples were also studied. Secondly, Flotation and ICP-AES determination of Pd (II) using a novel Schiff base ligand and the antimicrobial activities of the ligand and its complex. The optimization condition for up take heavy metals such as pH, temperature, contact time, concentration of metals effects, effect of ion interference and their applications. The optimum pH for the maximum sublation efficiency of the studied Pd- complex was at pH 4. The calibration curve of the analytic element (Pd (II) has a suitable linear range in between (0.1-1.0) µg/mL.The limit of detection for the aqueous solution was 0.257µg/mL, with 0.901% of relative standard deviation (n=3) for Pd (II). The Cu (II)-complex-NPs (N1) showed equal or better activity compared to the standard antibacterial drugs.