الفهرس | Only 14 pages are availabe for public view |
Abstract Laboratory experiments were carried out at Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Shoubra El-Khaima, Qalubia Governorate, Egypt to calculate discharge of emitters and sprays, chemical and mechanical analysis of treated wastewater and irrigation water. Field experiments were carried out at Eastown and Lake View sites located in the Fifth Settlement - New Cairo, Egypt. The area under investigation was 600 m², divided into two sections: spray irrigation system and drip irrigation system. Irrigation with two types of water: treated wastewater and irrigation water with the use of two types of filters in the Lake View site (a screen filter and a sandy filter) and the use of one type of filters in the Eastown site, which is screen filter. The washing process was carried out manually and automatically. This study aimed to: • Studying the effect of irrigation systems by using irrigation water and treated wastewater on the clogging of emitters. • Determine the best efficiency of filters, emission uniformity for drip system and distribution uniformity for spray system, in Lake View and Eastown sites under using irrigation water and treated wastewater. • Comparing between irrigation water and treated wastewater on turf quality index (color – density and ground cover %) for lawn plant (paspalum 10). The obtained results were follows: • Emission uniformity for drip system was higher when using automatic operation with treated wastewater by (5 - 6 - 2.3 - 4.9%) for on-line and built-in emitters in Lake View site, on-line and built-in emitters in Eastown site, respectively, than manual operation. • Distribution uniformity for spray system was higher when using automatic operation with treated wastewater by (5 and 5.1%) in Lake View site and Eastown site, respectively, than manual operation. • Clogging ratio by using manual operation with treated wastewater was (40 – 48 - 34.5 - 44.7%) for on-line and built-in emitters in Lake View site, on-line and built-in emitters in Eastown site, respectively. Clogging ratio using automatic operation was (20 – 25 -18.75 - 22%) for on-line and built-in emitters in Lake View site, on-line and built-in emitters in Eastown site, respectively. • The turf quality index (color, density, ground cover) gave the highest degree when using treated wastewater with automatic operation, which is due to the nutrients found in treated wastewater. It is recommended to: • It is preferable to use media filters before the screen filters with treated wastewater to reduce the ratio of clogging with impurities instead of using only screen filters. Especially in the case of lower processing degrees. • It is preferable to use the automatic washing system (in the automatic pressurized irrigation system) because it gives higher efficiency than manual washing. Especially in the resorts, in the case of high treatment degrees. • In general, the quality of wastewater reused through modern pressurized irrigation systems must be taken into consideration in terms of all its natural, chemical and biological characteristics, viscosity and degree of treatment when using the modern pressurized irrigation system to choose the appropriate filters according to the filtering capacity, the type of media and sprays or drippers. • A good management program and scheduling of the irrigation system should be established in case of reuse of treated wastewater in particular and in case of reuse of any water quality in general. (Turbid water - agricultural drainage - sewage - industrial drainage). |