الفهرس 
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Abstract
Β-thalassemias are group of autosomal recessive disorders characterized by reduced synthesis of the β-globin ; the excess α-globin chains precipitate in the erythroid progenitors, forming inclusion bodies that leads to premature death of late erythroid progenitors in the bone marrow and spleen .
Β-thalassemia major is the most severe form of this disease and is characterized by ineffective erythropoiesis (IE) and extra medullary hematopoiesis (EMH) in the liver and spleen. Patients require regular blood transfusions to sustain life .Regular transfusions may double the rate of iron accumulation; IE worsens over time, exacerbating anemia, iron absorption, and splenomegaly .
The study aim to reduce thalassemia syndromes’ burden in order to improve the general population’s health through enhancement of preventive measures by carrier identification.
A random group of secondary school students were selected in more than one school in Ismailia Governorate in El-Salam District. They were between 15-18 years of age using systematic random sample technique. history was taken from each one and blood sampling were performed.,3 ml of blood were collected once and divided as follows: 1 ml for hemoglobin level and red blood cells indices, and 1 ml for serum iron and serum ferritin and 1ml for hemoglobin electrophoresis .