الفهرس 
INTRODUCTIONOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
The need of the radiation in different energy levels has been expanded in various areas, such as medical, manufacture, agriculture, etc. To forestall radiation personal and community exposure to ionization radiation, public and industrial areas must be shielded or protected. For this cause, experimental and studies on the properties of radiation attenuation and development of new complex materials as an attenuator material have been improved in just the field of radiation protection. A radiation shield is a physical barrier mounted between a source of ionizing radiation and the object needed to be protected in order to minimize the amount of radiation at the objects location. The entity to be shielded is normally human being but perhaps some things also are sensitive with ionizing radiation and are needed to be protected as well as human beings. The present work is concerned with synthesis and studies the efficiency of nano oxides such as nano lead oxide, nano iron oxide and morter / PbO as a shielding material in constructing nuclear installations as well as for radioactive wastes disposal facilities. In this context, nano lead oxide, nano iron oxide and nano-morter have been prepared as shielding samples. The morter / PbO samples were prepared by adding nano lead oxide to the ordinary mortar with different percentage by weighs of cement. The characterizations of such nano-oxides have been investigated by using of XRay Diffraction (XRD), and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The mass attenuation coefficients of these samples was measured for 𝛾- ray radiation of energies ( 60 keV,80 keV,185 keV, 295 keV, 325 keV, 609 keV, 934 keV, 1378 keV and 1764 keV), etc. using the sources of. Am-241, Ba-133, and Ra-226 as sources of gamma rays by using narrow beam transmission geometry. It is found that the mass attenuation coefficients increase with the nano lead oxide as a shielding compared with bulk oxide. For nano iron oxide, the attenuation coefficient was increased compared to that of bulk iron oxide only at high energy ranges of the photon.