الفهرس 
Discovery and action of antibioticsOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
 |  | from | 236 |  |  |
| | | from | 236 | | |
Abstract
Infectious bacteria make human ill because they reproduce quickly in human body and secret toxins. Examples of bacteria that cause infections include Staphylococcus, and E. coli. On the other side, antibiotics are used for treatment but a lot of antibiotics increase the chances of bacteria in human body to be more resistant them causing antibiotic resistance. Bacterial resistance to antibiotics have increased around the world, causing public health and medical concern because they threaten optimal care of patients with infection, as well as the viability of the current health care system.
Therefore, the present study was undertaken with the major goals. Firstly, examination of antimicrobial resistance by bacteria isolated from feces and urine samples. Secondly, producing an antimicrobial agent(s) by marine samples isolated from the Hurghada on northern Red Sea coast. Thirdly, the bioactive compounds produced by marine origin extracts were performed using GC-MS for mass spectroscopic characterization. However, the results obtained throughout the current work support the following summarized points:
1. Based on locations, 255 bacterial isolates were isolated from feces and urine samples which collected from 255 patients who visited Laboratory of EL- Nour during January 2018 to July 2018. They were as follows:
There were 137 urine samples, 118 stool samples and they were made up of 152 males, 103 females and aged between 1-70 years.
Urine specimens were collected from 81 males and 56 females, while stool specimens were collected from 71 males and 47 females.
from 81 specimens isolated from urine samples of male, 22 showed significant bacteriuria, while from 71 specimens isolated from faeces samples of male, 15 showed significant bacteriuria, from 56 specimens isolated from urine samples of female, 32 showed significant bacteriuria, while from 47 specimens isolated from faeces samples of female, only 19 showed significant bacteriuria.
from totally 255 specimens, 34.5% (88 samples) showed significant bacteriuria; 57.9% (51 samples) were females, while 42.1% (37 samples) were males.
Results indicated that a high percentage of pathogenic bacteria were isolated from both males and females within the age brackets of 11-20 years and 31-40. However, there were more cases in females than males.
There were 88 bacterial isolates were examined. Out of the total isolates, 65 Gram negative and 23 Gram positive bacteria were detected.
Gram negative bacteria had a higher frequency of occurrence than Gram positive constituting 73.9% (65 samples) of the total isolates. These included; Escherichia coli 54.6% (48 samples) and Klebsiella pneumoniae 19.3% (17 samples) of the isolates.
Gram positive bacteria, including Staphylococcus aureus, accounted for 26.1% (23 samples) of the isolates.
It was also found that the rate of isolates of E. coli and S. aureus were higher in isolates exclusively from females.
It was also found that the rate of isolates of E. coli and S. aureus were higher in isolates exclusively from urine.
2. Genomic DNAs of the common bacterial isolates AM1, AM2 and AM3 were prepared, and the gene coding for the 16S rRNA was partially amplified using the universal primers (16S 27F and 16S 1492R). The amplified PCR fragment were purified and then sequenced. A valid sequencing fragment.