الفهرس 
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Abstract
Type-2 diabetes is considered a metabolic syndrome associated with insulin resistance, accompanied by chronic hyperglycemia, resulting in copious of secondary complications as hyperlipidemia, hypertension, atherosclerosis and coronary artery disease. The affected people are growing over the world, thus type-2 diabetes considered as a severe health problem.
This work aimed to evaluate antidiabetic effect of pumpkin seeds and Gum Arabic in comparison with oral antidiabetic drug (Vildagliptin) in treatment of type-2 diabetic rats, and their effects on some biochemical parameters, MicroRNA and target gene involved in insulin signaling and lipid metabolism. Also, investigate therapeutic effects of combination of Vildagliptin with Pumpkin seeds or Gum Arabic. To achieve that the following protocol was performed:
Seventy adult male rats weighing (150-200g) were divided into two groups. The first (10 rats) served as a normal control group: group 1 (G1): fed on normal rat chow and pure water. The second (60 rats): fed with high fat-high fructose/sucrose (HFHF/S) diet for 12 weeks. After 12 weeks, rats with blood glucose level lower than (200mg/dl) were excluded and considered as non-diabetic. Only hyperglycemic rats (≥200 mg/dl) served as insulin-resistant diabetic after confirmation of insulin resistance (IR) by homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR).