الفهرس | يوجد فقط 14 صفحة متاحة للعرض العام |
المستخلص Recently, climate change has become one of the most serious problems threatening the entire world. Therefore, most world countries moved forward to achieve sustainability with all its different kinds in all sectors as well as they concerned to measure progress in achieving sustainability by many indicators, mainly Ecological footprint and Biocapacity. Studying the relation between these two indicators determines accurately the country environmental status. If biocapacity exceeds ecological footprint, the country will have ecological reserve, conversely if ecological footprint exceeds biocapacity, it will suffer ecological deficit. Lately, world suffers ecological deficit; the ecological footprint of 2014 reached 2,84 global hectares for a person. Yet the available for a person was 1,68 global hectares. In the same year in Egypt the ecological footprint reached 1,98 global hectares which comperes well with global average but if it compared to national available biocapacity for a person ,47 global hectares, the serious environmental situation in Egypt is very clear. In addition to the low quality of life in Egypt which placed the second before the last out of 60 countries according to Numbeo rank. Construction is considered as the most energy and natural resources-consuming field. It consumes 1/3 of global energy, 1/6 of world’s need of fresh water, 1/4 of wood production, and causes 1/2 of greenhouse gas emission. Therefore, most countries realized the importance of this field in reducing global ecological footprint and started to change their housing policy. In Egypt, housing buildings consume 43% of total energy; construction and demolition wastes are 5,3%, municipality wastes are 23,2%, sewage wastes are 2% of the total generated solid wastes. In spite of, the demand for housing (besides transportation and infrastructure) represents 37% of ecological footprint of Egypt ; the government is still carrying out housing projects with no attention to the ecological footprint of such projects. Because of the great effect of housing sector on ecological footprint of countries that suffer an increased ecological deficit, the research theme is how to reduce the ecological footprint in every stage of preparation to these projects starting from policy-making, planning, designing, implementing, operating and to the stage of demolition. The search aims mainly to investigate planning and designing principles and considerations that reducing the ecological footprint of governmental housing projects, as well as improving quality- of- life. The applied methodology included set of tools to achieve the research objectives. Descriptive and analytical approach was estimated to study the ecological footprint as the most valuable indicator of the sustainable development. Moreover, the connection between EF and housing ملخص باللغة اإلنجليزية [190] sustainability was revealed to help proposing checklist for low ecological footprint houses. After that the researcher applied descriptive and analytical approach to study some international and regional experiences that succeeded to reduce housing ecological footprint. Then, a deductive approach was engaged to inventory the most important principles of reducing housing ecological footprint. Finally, a case study approach was applied to evaluate Mubarak Housing Project in Sohag from ecological footprint perspective applying the proposed checklist. Towards achieving the study goals, the research consists of three chapters: chapter one is a theoretical study to review the previous scientific literature of ecological footprint and sustainable housing. Chapter Two is an analytical study to analyze global experiences. Chapter three is a field study, and then the research concludes with results and recommendations. Thesis chapters contain the following: Chapter one : Ecological footprint and sustainable housing It discusses the theoretical background of the ecological footprint and explains how housing demand contributes in Egypt’s ecological footprint. besides reviewing the previous science literature of housing sustainability aiming to draw basics of achieving housing sustainability in planning and designing. chapter two: Number of global and regional experiences in reducing housing ecological footprint The study discusses the experiences of United Kingdom, Norway, Australia, United States of America and finally United Arab Emirates in reducing housing ecological footprint as well as setting planning and designing basis and considerations can be applied in Egypt. Chapter three: Study Case: Governmental housing projects in Egypt( Mubark Housing Project in Sohag) This chapter reveals a brief study of housing problem and reviews some of executed governmental housing projects. It shows an analysis through field study to Mubark Housing Project in Alqawther district. The research concluded to set of results through theoretical, analytical and field study. These results are general and other related to Mubark housing projects. The researcher adopted set of general recommendations and other recommendations related to the recent and upcoming governmental housing projects. |