الفهرس 
IntroductionOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is considered a common chest disease that causes air flow limitation due to airways and/or alveolar destruction. It represents the fifth leading cause of death worldwide and has a high economic burden either due to its morbidities or mortalities. COPD prognosis and treatment are also dependable on the degree of disease severity. Multiple indices are used to assess this severity but BODE Index is considered to be more realistic and represented to the degree of severity. It includes estimation of body mass index, degree of air ways obstruction by FEV1, degree of dyspnea perceived by mMRC score and exercise tolerance by six-minute walk test. It is multidimensional index.
Cardiovascular system diseases are well associated with COPD. Ischemic heart, heart failure (HF) and atrial fibrillation (AF) are comorbid diseases of COPD. Core-pulmonale and left ventricular diastolic dysfunction are complications of COPD and they increase with disease severity. When the patients come to ER with COPD exacerbation or with congestive HF, they are same in symptoms and signs. The main tool to differentiate is echocardiography. Echocardiography is a bedside, available and non-invasive tool. It gives generous data about cardiac condition of COPD patient. It helps pulmonologist in COPD Patients management and prognosis determination.
The aim of this work was to assess heart condition in COPD patient using Conventional Echocardiography and to study its possible relation to BODE index.