الفهرس 
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Abstract
Osteoporosis is characterized by decrease in bone mass and is
widely recognized as a major health problem as the risk of fracture is
greatly increased. The bone is undergoing constant remodeling, with
repeated cycles of bone resorption by osteoclasts followed by
deposition of new bone by osteoblasts. This process ensures the
repairing of microfractures as well as remodels the bony architecture
in response to stress. Osteoporosis occurs when bone resorption
exceeds bone formation resulting in decreased bone density,
degenerated bone microarchitecture and increased risk of fracture.
Previous studies indicated that GCs induced-osteoporosis
occurs as a result of an immediate and persistent decrease in bone
formation and a rapid and transient increase of bone resorption.
Teriparatide is a portion of the human parathyroid hormone. It
is a recombinant form of the parathyroid hormone. Treatment with
teriparatide was chosen for the present study because this substance
has been proven to promote bone formation through stimulation of the
action and formation of osteoblasts. In animals, the intermittent
administration of teriparatide has an anabolic effect on spongy and
cortical bone and consequently increases bone strength, whereas
continuous administration increases the number of bone resorbing
osteoclasts. It has been approved by FDA since 2004.
Herbal medication has been and remains commonly used
instead of chemical drugs because of its minor side effects. Lepidium
sativum (LS) is widely grown in the Middle East where LS is largely
recommended by traditional herbal healers for hypertension, diabetes
control, renal disease and phytotherapy. The LS seeds are well known in Saudi Arabia and some other Arab countries as a good alternative
medication for fracture healing. This property has attracted our
interest to study its ability to treat GIO in guinea pigs.
Many studies have assessed the influence of L sativum seeds
and roots on bone health. However, there is a dearth of information on
the impact of Lepidium sativum on bone metabolism. Therefore, we
were aiming to compare the effects of lepidium sativum and
teriparatide on glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis in adult male
guinea pigs.