الفهرس 
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Abstract
Nanotechnology are defined as study, creation, design, synthesis, and implementation of functional materials, systems, and devices through controlling matter within the size range of 1–100 nm at the nanometer scale. Modern era is of nanomedicine owing to their various therapeutic applications with more efficacies and lesser side effects. The popularity is due to their potential for achieving specific process and selectivity in pharmacological action.
Nanoparticles are considered as the essential building blocks of nanotechnology. Metal nanoparticles have been studied to determine their uses in bioimaging and biomedicine.
The Gold nanoparticles are one of the most widely used nanoparticles nowadays in biological purposes. It has advantages over other metal nanoparticles due to their biocompatibility and non-cytotoxicity.
Concerns have raised about the ability of gold nanoparticles to impair human reproduction, especially male fertility.
The present study was carried out to study the effect of single and repeated administration of gold nanoparticles on blood testicular barrier, male sexual hormones, cortisol hormone and oxidative stress parameters.
Experimental design:-
The first experiment-------- (single administration)
Forty male albino rats were classified into two equal groups each of twenty rats.