الفهرس 
Introduction
ChemotherapyOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
This experiment was carried to study the possible protective effect of CNC against the side effects induced by CP which was used for treatment of some types of cancers on experimental rats for four weeks. This occured through estimation of blood picture,kidney and liver functions by measurement of serum levels of creatinine, urea and the liver enzymes(ALT&AST) aswellas histopathological examination of kidney, testis, liver and intestine by light and transmission electron microscopes.
The experiment was carried on forty Sprague-Dawley male albino rats which were divided into four groups according to the experimental design: G1: servedasControl-ve group and injected intraperitonially with normal saline, G2: served as CNC group and injected I.P.with CNC (400µg/kg B.W.) three times weekly for six weeks in addition to two doses before the first CP injection, G3: served as CPgroup and injected intraperitonially with CP (2mg/kg B.W.) once a week for five weeks and G4:served asCP&CNC group andinjected intraperitonially with CP (2mg/kg B.W.) once a week for five weeks &CNC (400µg/kg B.W.) three times weekly for six weeks in addition to two doses before the first CP injection.
At the end of experiment, the rats were sacrificed after the last CP injection by one week and the collected samples were whole blood samples for CBC, serum samples for kidney and liver functions and tissue samples from kidney, liver, intestine and testis. Part of these tissue samples was fixed in 10% phosphate-buffered formalin for light microscopic examination. The other part was fixed in 5% cold buffered glutaraldehyde for electron microscopic examination and the results were as follows:
1. Haematological findings:
The results showed that, there wasin CNC group an increase in the number of WBCs andRBCs, Hb conc. and PCV value besideasignificant increase in PLT countin comparison with control group. WhileinCP group, the count of WBCsand PLTwas decreased when compared with control group. Also, RBCs count and Hb conc. were significantly decreased andthere was a highly significant decrease in the value of PCV in comparison with control group. In contrast toCP&CNC group, there was anincrease in the number of WBCs andRBCs, Hb conc.,the value of PCV and platelets count when compared with CPgroup.
2. Kidney and liver function findings:
Creatinine level was non-significantly decreased in CNC group, but it was increased in CP group when compared with control group. While in CP&CNCgroup, creatinine level was decreased in comparison with CP treated group. In addition, the level of urea showed a non-significant increase in CNC group and there was a significant increase in its level in CP treated group when compared with the control group. By contrast, the level was decreased in CP&CNC group in comparison with CP group.
Also, AST level was increased non-significantly in CNC groupand there was a highly significant increase in its level in CP group when compared to the control one. However, in CP&CNCgroup there was a decrease in AST level in comparison with CP treated group. In addition, ALT level was decreased in CNC group, while, there was an increase in its level in Cisplatin treated group in comparison with control one. On contrast, CP&CNCgroup showed a decrease in the level when compared to CP treated group.
3. Histopathologicalfindings:
Light microscopical and ultrastructural findings in the kidneys of CNCgroupwere nearly similar to the control group.
Light microscopic and ultrastructral findings in the kidneys of CP group revealed several pathological changes. The tubular changes were in form of severe necrobiosis and presence of lysosomes, lipofuscin granules, vacuolation, cystic dilatation and renal casts as well as thickening of the tubular B.M. The glomerular changes were thickening of Bowman’s capsule and the B.M. of capillary tufts and presence of atrophied glomeruli, decrease of mesangial cells and matrix, atrophied podocytes and urinary space dilatation. Periglomerular and interstitial cellular reaction as well as interstitial edema were also noticed in most cases.
Light and transmission electron microscopy of the kidneys of CP&CNCgroup revealedmarked decrease of the pathological findingsobserved inCP group.
Light and transmission electron microscopy of testes of CNCgroupshowed the testicular tissues without any marked pathological findings.
Light microscopy of the testes ofCP group revealedmarked decrease of the spermatogenic cells, presence of vacuolization and numerous spermatid giant cells in the tubules. Also, other tubules appeared with homogenous faintly stained material deposited mostly in the lumen. In some cases, there were severe corrugation of the tubular B.M., moderate loss of cell attachment and sloughing of the cells in the lumina of tubules and thickening of tubular B.M.Also, transmission electron microscopy revealed presence of numerous necrobiotic changes in the spermatogenic cells and leydig cells.
Light andtransmission electron microscopy of testes of CP&CNCgroup revealed marked decrease of the pathological findingscomparing toCP group.
Light microscopical and ultrastructural findings in the livers of CNCtreatedgroup were nearly similar to that observed in control group.
Light microscopical andultrastructural findings of the livers of CPgroup revealed presence of solitary coagulative necrosis, mild fatty degeneration of the hepatic cells and some changes in the blood sinusoids.
The microscopic findings of the livers of CP&CNCgrouprevealed no evidence of necrosisof hepatocytes and there was a marked decrease ofthe changes ofblood sinusoids.
Light and transmission electron microscopy of the intestines of CNCgroup showed prominent hyperplasia of the lymphoid aggregation of peyer’s pathes. While, the other intestinal structures appeared nearly similar to the control group.
Light and transmission electron microscopy of the intestines of CPgroup revealed presence of necrobiotic changes in the intestinal villi.Other villi showed hyperplasia of their epithelial and goblet cells in addition to prominent cellular reaction in the lamina propria.
The examination by light and transmission electron microscopesof the intestines of CP&CNCgrouprevealed marked decrease of thefindings of intestinal villi observed in CP group as well as mild cellular reaction in the lamina propria.