الفهرس 
Introduction
Chapter 1: Tramadol use disorderOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
1- To evaluate the impact of long-term tramadol use on male sexual functions and sexual quality of life.
2- To demonstrate the different probable factors that may be related to increase risk of sexual dysfunctions among tramadol users.
The current study involved two main parts:
1- Theoretical part.
2- Practical part.
1- Theoretical part
This included the review of literature which consisted of three chapters.
Results of the study
1- Description of socio-demographic data of the studied groups
The total sample size was 111 subjects (68 tramadol user, and 43 healthy individuals as a control group).
All were in the age range from 20 to 45 years, with a mean age of 33.66±5.66 years. There was no statistically significant difference between the tramadol use group and the control group regarding any of the socio-demographic variables.
2- Description of the tramadol use characteristics
The age at onset of tramadol use was 26.24±6.47, the mean duration of use was 7.74±3.61 years, all were using illegal forms, and the average daily dose was 1016.53±636.54 milligrams.
More than half of them had a positive family history of substance abuse. Improving sexual performance and pleasure seeking (positive reinforcement) were the commonest motivation for tramadol use, while financial and family troubles were the commonest motivations for seeking treatment.
Most of the cases (60%) had moderate severity of addiction, and psychiatric and drug use domains of the ASI were the most affected domains.
3- Comparison between tramadol use group and control group regarding sexual functions and sexual quality of life.
There was a statistically significant difference between the tramadol use group and the control group in all the different domains of sexual function and sexual quality of life, with poor scores in the tramadol use groups.
4- Correlation between different independent variables and sexual functions
Our study found a statistically significant negative correlation between daily dose of tramadol and both erectile function and sexual desire. Also there were a statistically significant negative correlation between number of symptoms of OUD-T measured by SCID-5, substance use disorders module and sexual esteem, erectile function and sexual satisfaction.
There was a statistically significant negative correlation between scores of psychiatric status domain and both sexual esteem and ejaculatory function, and a statistically significant positive correlation with sexual depression. Also, there was a statistically significant negative correlation between scores of family/social problems domain and sexual esteem, and a statistically significant positive correlation with sexual depression.
Our study found a statistically significant negative correlation between age and sexual esteem, erectile function, sexual desire, and ejaculatory function; and a statistically significant positive correlation with sexual depression.
Our study found a statistically significant positive correlation between the duration of abstinence and sexual esteem, intercourse satisfaction, overall satisfaction, ejaculatory function and sexual quality of life; and there is a statistically significant negative correlation between duration of abstinence and sexual depression.