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أهداف الدراسةيوجد فقط 14 صفحة متاحة للعرض العام
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المستخلص
The Relationship between the Intellectual Capital and Total Quality Management and its Impact on University Performance with the Application on Sana’a University in the Republic of Yemen Introduction The universities have focused seriously on improving a performance in order to achieve the goals of students, beneficiaries, societies, and countries through educational process, research, and environmental service. The balanced scorecard dimensions are the best tool to measure the university performance; in addition, the intellectual capital is a valuable asset that providing the stability, development and excellence of universities performance. On the other wise, the total quality management is the most important system that works to improve the universities performance. Thus, it is required to invest and benefit from intellectual capital and the application of TQM to improve the universities performance.1- Study issue According to some studies, the achievements of excellent performance in some developed organizations and universities return to the attention to intellectual capital and the application of TQM.
The results of previous studies have demonstrated a positive relationship between intellectual capital as independent variable) and total quality management as intermediate variable, and the positive role of each one on the university performance as dependent variable. On the other side, those studies didn’t study the relationship between the intellectual capital and TQM and its Impact on University Performance based on the balanced scorecard dimensions, and in the same time, they didn’t study the role of intermediate variable in the direct relationship between intellectual capital (independent variable) and university performance (dependent variable). For this reason, the current study is trying to know the kind of relationship between the independent variable and intermediate variable and its impact on the university performance of Sana’a University, and the role of intermediate variable on the direct relationship between the independent variable and dependent variable.2- The Importance of Study The importance of study includes the scientific and empirical indicators.2/1 Scientific Importance - To highlight the importance of intellectual capital and TQM as modern concepts that improves the university performance.- The need of libraries to additional studies that explain the importance of the role of intellectual capital and TQM in how to improve a university performance.-The importance of improving the performance of the university permanently to support the ability of educational institutions to continue and competition.2/2 Empirical Importance
- Recognizing the importance and role of intellectual capital and TQM in improving university performance at Sana’a University. Recognition of the level of university performance at Sana’a University.<br Understanding the kind of relationship between intellectual capital and total quality management and its impact on university performance at Sana’a University.
- To make recommendations those guide the university officials in how to improve the university performance through the investment of intellectual capital and the application of TQM inside Sana’a University.Study Goal Study goals include scientific and empirical goals.3/1 Scientific Goals Emphasize the importance of intellectual capital and total quality management and their role in improving the university performance.The theoretical and scientific rooting of the role of intellectual capital and TQM in improving university performance.Strengthening the theoretical provisions of the intellectual capital relationship in TQM and its impact on university performance.3/2 Empirical Goals- Measuring the relationship between intellectual capital and performance at Sana’a University.<b Measuring the relationship between intellectual capital and total quality management at Sana’a University. Measuring the relationship between total quality management and performance at Sana’a University.Measuring the role of TQM as an intermediate variable in the relationship between intellectual capital and university performance at Sana’a University.4- Study Hypotheses In the light of the study problem, objectives, and importance, this study tests four hypotheses. The first hypothesis is divided into three sub-hypotheses., and the second hypothesis is divided into three sub-hypotheses while the mean third and fourth hypotheses are built without sub-hypotheses.H1 There is a statistically significant positive relationship between intellectual capital and univers performance at Sana’a University H1/1 There is a statistically significant positive relationship between human capital and university performance (financial dimension, costumers, internal processes, learning and growth) at Sana’a University.
H1/2
There is a statistically significant positive relationship between structural capital and university performance (financial dimension, costumers, internal processes, learning and growth) at Sana’a University.H1/3 There is a statistically significant positive relationship between the capital of relations and university performance (financial dimension, costumers, internal processes, learning and growth) at Sana’a University.
H2
There is a statistically significant positive relationship between intellectual capital and total quality management at Sana’a UniversityH2/1 There is a statistically significant positive relationship between human capital and total quality management (the customer focus, continuous Improvement, collective participation, facts based on administration, mobilizing expertise of theworkforce, appreciation and recognition of the efforts of achieving total quality) at Sana’a University.H2/2 There is a statistically significant positive relationship between structural capital and total quality management (the customer focus, continuous Improvement, collective participation, facts based on administration, mobilizing expertise of theworkforce, appreciation and recognition of the efforts of achieving total quality) at Sana’a University.H2/3 There is a statistically significant positive relationship between the capital of relations and total quality management (the customer focus, continuous Improvement, collective participation, facts based on administration, mobilizing expertise of theworkforce, appreciation and recognition of the efforts of achieving total quality) at Sana’a University.H3 There is a statistically significant relationship between total quality management and university performance at Sana’a University
H4
The application of TQM as an Intermediate variable affects the positive relationship between intellectual capital and university performance at Sana’a University>5- Design of the Study The design of Study includes the society and sample of study, and method of data collection and its analysis.5/1 Society and Sample of Study
The field study was limited to staff members (assistant professor, Co-professor, professor) at Sana’a University, where there are (1365) staff members. The sample of study was limited to (300) staff members according to the statistical tables, and data analysis were relied on (259) retrieved as a valid surveys.
5/2 Method of Data Collection and its Analysis
After the survey was completed, the researcher has distributed the surveys to the sample of study and collected them over a period of more than five months. The number of valid surveys are (259), and data analysis operation has dependent on the use of (SPSS) program, by using alpha-cronbach, arithmetic mean, standard deviations, binary correlation coefficients, and regression method.
6- Study Results
- The results of the field study revealed a statistically positive relationship between the intellectual capital as an independent variable and the university performance as a dependent variable, and the same result was found for the sub-hypotheses of this hypothesis, which proved the validity of this hypothesis, and answered the first question of this study.
- The results of the field study showed a statistically significant relationship between the intellectual capital as an independent variable and total quality management as a moderator Variable, and also showed the same results for the three sub-hypotheses, which proved the validity of this hypothesis, and answered the second question of this study.
- The results of the field study proved that there is a statistically positive relationship between TQM as a mediator variable and the university performance as a dependent variable,, which proved the validity of this hypothesis, and answered the third question. The results of the field study proved the role of TQM as a mediator variable in the direct relationship between the intellectual capital as an independent variable and the university performance as a dependent variable. The mediator variable also took advantage of the positive effect on the dependent variable, which confirmed the validity of the fourth hypothesis, and answered the fourth question.- The values of the arithmetic mean of the variables of study have confirmed the weakness of the intellectual capital at Sana’a University, and Limitations in the application of TQM, which confirmed the weakness of Sana’a university performance.
7- The Recommendations- It is very important to apply TQM at Sana’a University based on its principles (the customer focus, continuous Improvement, collective participation, facts based on administration, mobilizing expertise of the workforce, appreciation and recognition of the efforts of achieving total quality) to raise the level of university performance. There is a need to pay attention to intellectual capital, through its components (human, structure, relations), as a intangible assets which provide the university to achieve its goals.The current study recommends Sana’a University to apply the dimensions of the balanced scorecard (financial dimension, customer, internal processes, learning and growth) which have characteristics to improve the university performance as a whole.