الفهرس 
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Abstract
Long term success of dental implant is primarily depending on the available bone. Collapse of the alveolar bone after extraction, infection, trauma or aplasia may result in reduced bone volume.
In oral and maxillofacial surgery, cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) in recent years has replaced medical computed tomography (CT) for typical hard-tissue diagnostics. CBCT offer an effective, non-invasive, high spatial resolution and relatively low radiation technique for assessment of dimensional changes in the alveolar ridge.
Localized bone defects in the alveolar crest can be treated with different augmentation techniques and grafting protocols depending on the morphology of the defect.
Autogenous bone is considered the gold standard among the different biomaterials to restore the bone thickness, as it presents osteo-conductive, osteo-inductive, and osteogenic properties, but cortical block graft requires a long period of time for vascularization and remodeling and can be sequestrated years after the augmentation procedure.
The aim of the present study was to clinically and radiographically assess the outcome of the 3D reconstructed anterior maxillae with autogenous retromolar cortical shell and composite particulate grafts for consequent implant placement.
Patients with their age ranging from 21–40 years were selected for the present study. All patients were subjected to augmentation of atrophied anterior maxillae with bone block grafts at a distance from the alveolar ridge and Particulate grafting material (autogenous, xenograft) in-between prior to endosseous implant placement.
The mean of graft volume gained was 829.23mm3 immediately postoperatively, while it was 390.15mm3 at 4 months postoperatively.
from the results of the present study, the following conclusions can be achieved:
• 3D reconstruction of anterior maxillae with autogenous retromolar cortical shell is a reliable technique with stable outcomes.
• Autogenous retromolar area is an intra-oral source for cortical bone grafts with minimal morbidity and disadvantage.
• The use of two micro-screws to stabilize cortical shells provides adequate stability and hence better osseointegration with minimal resorption.
• Incorporation of xenograft reduces resorbability of autogenous grafts.
• The use of GBR in terms of collagen membrane enhances post-grafting healing.
• The presented technique allows for implant placement 4 months post-operatively without further re-grafting.