الفهرس 
Subjects and Methods
Study design and patient groupingOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Black triangle is one of the main problems affecting aesthetics dentistry. Interdental papilla represents a great concern to periodontists, restorative dentists, and to the patients. The loss of papilla can lead to many problems including, cosmetic deformities (so-called “black triangle disease”), phonetic problems (space allows passage for the air or saliva), and lateral food impaction. Many factors can influence presence or absence of the inter-dental or inter-implant papillae such as Crestal alveolar bone height, distance from contact point to the alveolar crest, soft tissue appearance, minimal buccal plate thickness and position of the contact areas.
Over the last two decades, various techniques have been proposed to preserve the papillary area or restore the missing papilla. In general, these techniques can be classified into surgical and non-surgical techniques. The surgical technique focused on soft and hard tissue management, such as flap designs and grafting procedures. The non-surgical technique involves restorative, prosthetic, orthodontic procedures and injection of different polymers.The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of non-crosslinked hyaluronic acid hydrogels in interdental papilla augmentation.
Thirsty subjects with papilla deficiency were included in this study. They were randomly grouped into three groups; group Ⅰ included ten subjects who were injected with 0.5% hyaluronic acid hydrogel, group Ⅱ included ten subjects who were injected with hydrogel of hyaluronic acid blended with carboxymethyl chitosan (CMC) with proportion (1:1) and group Ⅲ included ten subjects who were injected with 1% carboxymethyl chitosan (CMC) hydrogel.
The results of the present study showed that group Ⅱ gave the best results regarding the height of the black triangle over group Ⅰ but regarding the width and the surface area of the black triangle they were almost the same. While group Ⅲ gave the worst results regarding the width, the height and the surface area of the black triangle
from present results we concluded that, the blend of hyaluronic acid mixed with carboxymethyl chitosan (HA-CMC) gave the best results in management of interdental papilla deficiency.