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أهمية الدراسةيوجد فقط 14 صفحة متاحة للعرض العام
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المستخلص
ﻣﻠﺧص اﻟدراﺳﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻠﻐﺔ اﻟﻌرﺑﯾﺔ واﻷﺟﻧﺑﯾﺔ
أوﻻً :ﻣﻠﺧص اﻟدراﺳﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻠﻐﺔ اﻟﻌرﺑﯾﺔ ﺛﺎﻧﯾﺎً :ﻣﻠﺧص اﻟدراﺳﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻠﻐﺔ اﻷﺟﻧﺑﯾﺔ
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ﻣﻠﺧص اﻟدراﺳﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻠﻐﺔ اﻟﻌرﺑﯾﺔ
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أوﻻً :ﻣﺷﻛﻠﺔ اﻟدراﺳﺔ: ﺗﻌد اﻷﺳرة ﻧﺳق ذو أﻫﻣﯾﺔ ﻛﺑري ﻓﻲ اﻟﻣﺟﺗﻣﻊ، ﻷﻧﻬﺎ اﻟﻣﺻدر اﻟرﺋﯾﺳﻲ ﻟﺿﺑط اﻟﺳﻠوك، وﻣن ﺧﻼﻟﻬﺎ ﯾﺗﻠﻘﻲ اﻹﻧﺳﺎن أول دروس اﻟﺣﯾﺎة اﻻﺟﺗﻣﺎﻋﯾﺔ، وﺑﺎﻟرﻏم ﻣن ﺻﻐر ﺣﺟﻣﻬﺎ إﻻ أﻧﻬﺎ ﺗﻌﺗﺑر ﻣن وذﻟك ﻵن اﻹﻧﺳﺎن ﯾﻛﺗﺳب ﻣن ﺧﻼﻟﻬﺎ إﻧﺳﺎﻧﯾﺗﻪ، وﯾﺗﺣول ﻓﯾﻬﺎ ﻣن ﻛﺎﺋن ، أﻗو ى أﻧﺳﺎق اﻟﻣﺟﺗﻣﻊ ﺑﯾوﻟوﺟﻲ إﻟﻰ إﻧﺳﺎن ذو طﺎﺑﻊ اﺟﺗﻣﺎﻋﻲ ﯾﻌﯾش ﻓﻲ ﺗﻼؤم ﻣﻊ اﻵﺧرﯾن، وﻓﻘﺎ ﻟﻠﻘﯾم واﻟﻣﻌﺎﯾﯾر اﻟﻘﺎﺋﻣﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻣﺟﺗﻣﻊ ، واﻷﺳرة ﺗﻌدل ﻣن ﺳﻠوك اﻟﻔرد ﺣﯾث أﻧﻪ اﻟﺑﯾﺋﺔ اﻻﺟﺗﻣﺎﻋﯾﺔ اﻟﺗﻲ ﯾﻧﺷﺄ ﻓﯾﻬﺎ، وﯾﻛﺗﺳب ﻣن ﺧﻼﻟﻬﺎ ﻣﺧﺗﻠف أﻧواع اﻟﺳﻠوك اﻹﻧﺳﺎﻧﻲ ﻋن طرﯾق ﻣﺎ ﺗﻧﻘﻠﻪ ﻟﻪ أﺳرﺗﻪ ﻣن ﻋﺎدات وﺗﻘﺎﻟﯾد، وﻫذا ﻓﺿﻼ ﻋﻣﺎ اﻛﺗﺳﺑﺗﻪ ﻣن ﻗﯾم وﻣﺑﺎدئ ﺗﺗﻔق ﻣﻊ ﺛﻘﺎﻓﺔ وﻣﻌﺎﯾﯾر اﻟﻣﺟﺗﻣﻊ اﻟذي ﺗﻌﯾش ﻓﯾﻪ وﺗﻧﺗﻣﻲ إﻟﯾﻪ وﻛذﻟك ﺗﺳﺗطﯾﻊ اﻷﺳرة ﺗﺣﻘﯾق ﻣطﺎﻟب اﻟﻧﻣو اﻟﻧﻔﺳﻲ واﻻﺟﺗﻣﺎﻋﻲ ﻷﻓردﻫﺎ، ﻓﻣن ﺧﻼﻟﻬﺎ ﯾﺗﻌﻠم اﻟﻔرد اﻟﺗﻔﺎﻋل اﻻﺟﺗﻣﺎﻋﻲ ﻣﻊ اﻟﻣﺣﯾطﯾن ﺑﻪ، وﺗﻛوﯾن اﻟﺻداﻗﺎت واﻻﺗﺻﺎل ﺑﺎﻵﺧرﯾن واﻟﺗواﻓق اﻻﺟﺗﻣﺎﻋﻲ واﻛﺗﺳﺎب اﻻﺗﺟﺎﻩ اﻟﺳﻠﯾم ﻧﺣو ذاﺗﻪ وﻧﺣو اﻵﺧرﯾن اﻟﻣﺣﯾطﯾن ﺑﻪ، وﺗؤدي اﻷﺳرة دورا أﺳﺎﺳﯾﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺗﻧﺷﺋﺗﻪ وإﺷﺑﺎع ﺣﺎﺟﺎﺗﻪ وﺗﻠﺑﯾﺔ رﻏﺑﺎﺗﻪ ،ﻻن اﻟﻔرد ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﺟﺔ إﻟﻲ اﻟﺷﻌور ﺑﺎﻷﻣن واﻻﺣﺗرام واﻟﺗﻘدﯾر واﻻﻫﺗﻣﺎم ،ﻣﻣﺎ ﯾﺟﻌﻠﻪ إﻧﺳﺎن ﻣﺗزن وﻣﺳﺗﻘر ،وﯾﻧﻌﻛس ﻛل ذﻟك ﻋﻠﯾﻪ ﺑﺻورة إﯾﺟﺎﺑﯾﺔ ﻣن ﺧﻼل اﻹﺣﺳﺎس ﺑﻣﺷﺎﻋر اﻻﻧﺗﻣﺎء واﻷﻟﻔﺔ واﻟﻣﺣﺑﺔ واﻟوﻻء ﻟﻸﺳرة واﻟﻣﺟﺗﻣﻊ اﻟﺧﺎرﺟﻲ، وﻫذا ﻣﺎ ﯾوﻓرﻩ اﻟواﻟدﯾن ﻷﺑﻧﺎﺋﻬم ﻓﻲ ﺣﯾﺎة اﻷﺳرة ﻣن ﺗﺟﺎوب وﻋﻼﻗﺎت طﯾﺑﺔ، ﻣﻣﺎ ﯾؤدي إﻟﻲ ﺗﻬﯾﺋﺔ ﺟو ﺻﺣﻲ وﻧﻔﺳﻲ واﺟﺗﻣﺎﻋﻲ ﺳﻠﯾم ﻟﻸﺑﻧﺎء ﻓﻲ ﺗﻌﺎﻣﻠﻬم ﻣﻊ اﻵﺧرﯾن. وﺑﺎﻟﺗﺎﻟﻲ ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﻋﻧدﻣﺎ ﯾﻔﻘد اﻷﺑﻧﺎء اﻷﺑوﯾن أو أﺣدﻫﻣﺎ ﻧﺗﯾﺟﺔ اﻟوﻓﺎة ﻓﺈﻧﻬم ﯾﻌﺎﻧون اﻟﻌدﯾد ﻣن اﻻﺿطراﺑﺎت أﺛﻧﺎء ﻧﺷﺄﺗﻬم ﻷن اﻟواﻟدﯾن أو ﺣدﻫﻣﺎ ﯾﻣﺛﻼ اﻟﺳﻠطﺔ اﻟﺗﻲ ﺗﺳﺎﻋدﻫم ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺗوﺟﯾﻪ و اﻟﺗﻧظﯾم واﻹدراك اﻟﺣﻘﯾﻘﻲ ﻟذاﺗﻬم، وإﻛﺳﺎﺑﻬم ﻣﻬﺎرات اﻟﺗﻌﺎﻣل ﻣﻊ اﻟﻐﯾر. ﻓﻣﺷﻛﻠﺔ اﻟﯾﺗم ﺗﻌد ﻣن اﻷﺣداث اﻟﺻﻌﺑﺔ اﻟﺗﻲ ﺗﻣر ﺑﻬﺎ اﻟﯾﺗﯾﻣﺎت اﻟﻣراﻫﻘﺎت واﻟﺗﻲ ﺗؤﺛر ﻋﻠﻲ ﻣﺳﺎر ﻧﻣوﻫم وارﺗﻘﺎﻫم، وﻋﻠﻰ اﺗﺟﺎﻫﺎﺗﻬم ﻧﺣو اﻟﻣﺟﺗﻣﻊ، وﻋﻼﻗﺎﺗﻬم ﺑﺎﻵﺧرﯾن، وﻧظرﺗﻬم إﻟﻰ أﻧﻔﺳﻬم واﻟﺣﯾﺎة واﻟﻣﺳﺗﻘﺑل، وﺗﺟﻌﻠﻬم ﯾﻌﺎﻧون ﻣن ﻣﺷﺎﻛل ﻧﻔﺳﯾﺔ وﻫﻣوم ﻛﺛﯾرة وﯾﺗﻌرض ﻧﻣوﻫم اﻟﻌﻘﻠﻲ واﻟﻌﺎطﻔﻲ أﺣﯾﺎﻧﺎً إﻟﻰ اﻟﺧطر، وأﺣﯾﺎﻧﺎً ﻧﺟدﻫم ﻻ ﯾطﯾﻘون ﺗﺣﻣل ﻓﻘداﻧﻬم، ﻓﺗظﻬر ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﺧﺻﯾﺗﻬم اﻟﻘدرة
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واﻻﺳﺗﻌداد ﻋﻠﻰ ارﺗﻛﺎب اﻟﺟرﯾﻣﺔ، وﻛل ﻫذﻩ اﻟﻣﺷﺎﻛل ﯾﻧﺗﺞ ﻋﻧﻬﺎ ﺳوء اﻟﺗواﻓق اﻻﺟﺗﻣﺎﻋﻲ ﻟدي اﻟﯾﺗﯾﻣﺎت اﻟﻣراﻫﻘﺎت. وﻣن ﻫﻧﺎ ﺗﻌد ﻓﺋﺔ اﻟﯾﺗﯾﻣﺎت اﻟﻣراﻫﻘﺎت ﻣن اﻟﻔﺋﺎت اﻟﺗﻲ ﺣرﻣت ﻣن اﻟﺗواﺟد ﻓﻲ ﺟو ﺳري طﺑﯾﻌﻲ وﻋﻠﻰ اﻟرﻏم ﻣن ﺣرص ﻛﺎﻓﺔ اﻟدول واﻟﻣﺟﺗﻣﻌﺎت اﻹﺳﻼﻣﯾﺔ ﻋﺎﻣﺔ وﻣﺻر ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ورﺣﻣﺗﻬم ﻷﻧﻪ أﺣد اﻷﻋﻣﺎل اﻟﺻﺎﻟﺣﺔ ،” رﻋﺎﯾﺗﻬن اﻟﺗزاﻣﺎ ﺑﻛﺗﺎب اﷲ وﺳﻧﺔ رﺳوﻟﻪ ”ﺻﻠﻲ اﷲ ﻋﻠﯾﻪ وﺳﻠم اﻟﺗﻲ ﯾﺗﻘرب ﺑﻪ اﻟﻌﺑد ﷲ ﺳﺑﺣﺎﻧﻪ وﺗﻌﺎﻟﻲ. وﺗﻌﺎﻧﻲ اﻟﯾﺗﯾﻣﺎت اﻟﻣراﻫﻘﺎت أﯾﺿﺎ ﻣن ﺿﻌف اﻟﺗواﻓق ﻣﻊ اﻟﺑﯾﺋﺔ اﻟﻣﺣﯾطﺔ وزﯾﺎدة اﻟرﻏﺑﺔ ﻓﻲ واﻟﺷﻌور ﺑﺎﻟﺣرﻣﺎن اﻟﺑدﻧﻲ واﻟﻧﻔﺳﻲ، واﻟﻧظرة ، اﻟﺷﻌور ﺑﺎﻻﺳﺗﻘﻼل إﻟﻲ ﺟﺎﻧب اﻟﻧظرة اﻟﻣﺗدﻧﯾﺔ ﻟﻠذات اﻟﺗﺷﺎؤﻣﯾﺔ ﻟﻠﺣﯾﺎة واﻟﻌﺟز ﻓﻲ ﻣواﺟﻬﺔ ظروف اﻟﺣﯾﺎة، وﺿﻌف اﻟﻘدرة ﻋﻠﻰ إﻗﺎﻣﺔ ﻣﻊ طﺑﯾﻌﯾﺔ وﻣﺗﻔﺎﻋﻠﺔ ﻣﻊ اﻵﺧرﯾن، وﺿﻌف اﻟﺗﻛﯾف اﻟﺷﺧﺻﻲ واﻻﺟﺗﻣﺎﻋﻲ، واﺗﺟﺎﻫﻬن اﻟﺗﻲ ﯾﺗﺳم ﺑﺎﻟﻌداء ﻧﺣو اﻟﻣﺟﺗﻣﻊ ﺑﺻﻔﺔ ﻋﺎﻣﺔ وﻧﺣو أﻧﻔﺳﻬن ﺑﺻﻔﺔ ﺧﺎﺻﺔ.
وﯾﺳﺗﻬدف اﻟﺗدﺧل اﻟﻣﻬﻧﻲ ﺑﺎﺳﺗﺧدام ﻧﻣوذج اﻟﺣﯾﺎة إﻟﻰ ﺗﻣﻛﯾن اﻟﻌﻣﻼء )أي ﻣﻧﺢ اﻟﻘوة ﻟﻠﻌﻣﻼء (ﺑﺷﻛل ﻓردي أو ﺑطرﯾﻘﺔ ﺟﻣﺎﻋﯾﺔ ﻟﻛﻲ ﯾﺗﻣﻛﻧوا ﻣن ﺣل ﻣﺷﻛﻼﺗﻬم اﻟﺷﺧﺻﯾﺔ واﻻﺳﺗﻔﺎدة ﻣن ﻗدراﺗﻬم ﺑﻔﺎﻋﻠﯾﺔ أﻛﺛر، ﺣﯾث ﯾﺳﺗﻬدف اﻟﺗﻣﻛﯾن )ﻣﻧﺢ اﻟﻘوة (إطﻼق اﻟﻘوي اﻟﻛﺎﻣﻧﺔ ﻟدي اﻟﻌﻣﯾل واﻛﺗﺷﺎف وإﯾﺟﺎد اﻟﻣوارد واﻟﻔرص ﻟﺗﻌزﯾز اﻷداء اﻻﺟﺗﻣﺎﻋﻲ اﻟﺳﻠﯾم أﺛﻧﺎء ﻣﺣﺎوﻟﺔ اﻟﻌﻣﻼء إﯾﺟﺎد ﺣﻠول ﻟﻣﺷﻛﻼﺗﻬم وﻣﺣﺎوﻟﺔ إﺷﺑﺎع ﺣﺎﺟﺎﺗﻬم. و ﻟذا ﺗﺣددت ﻣﺷﻛﻠﺔ اﻟدراﺳﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺎ ﻣدى ﻓﺎﻋﻠﯾﺔ اﺳﺗﺧدام ﻧﻣوذج اﻟﺣﯾﺎة ﻓﻲ اﻟﺗﺧﻔﯾف ﻣن اﻟﻣﺷﻛﻼت اﻟﻣﺗرﺗﺑﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳوء اﻟﺗواﻓق اﻻﺟﺗﻣﺎﻋﻲ ﻟﻠﯾﺗﯾﻣﺎت اﻟﻣراﻫﻘﺎت . ﺛﺎﻧﯾﺎ :أھﻣﯾﺔ اﻟدراﺳﺔ: - أﻫﻣﯾﺔ اﻟﻣرﺣﻠﺔ اﻟﻌﻣرﯾﺔ اﻟﺗﻲ ﺗﻣر ﺑﻬﺎ اﻟﯾﺗﯾﻣﺎت اﻟﻣراﻫﻘﺎت ، ﺣﯾث أﻧﻬﺎ ﻟﯾﺳت ﻣرﺣﻠﺔ إﻋداد ٨ ﻟﻠﺣﯾﺎة اﻟﻣﺳﺗﻘﺑﻠﯾﺔ ﻓﺣﺳب، وإﻧﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ ﻣرﺣﻠﺔ ﻧﻣوﻫن ﻣن ﺟﻣﯾﻊ اﻟﺟواﻧب اﻻﺟﺗﻣﺎﻋﯾﺔ واﻟﺟﺳﻣﯾﺔ واﻟﻧﻔﺳﯾﺔ واﻟﺷﺧﺻﯾﺔ واﻟﻌﻘﻠﯾﺔ، ﻓﻔﻲ ﺿوء ﻣﺎ ﯾﺗﻠﻘﺎﻫن ﻣن رﻋﺎﯾﺔ وﺗرﺑﯾﺔ وﻣﺎ ﯾﻛﺗﺳﺑﻬن ﻣن ﺧﺑرات ﺗﺣدد ﻣﻌﺎﻟم ﺷﺧﺻﯾﺗﻬن.
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- أن اﻟﻔﺗﯾﺎت اﻟﻣﺣروﻣﺎت ﻣن اﻟرﻋﺎﯾﺔ اﻷﺳرﯾﺔ )اﻟﯾﺗﯾﻣﺎت (ﻓﻲ ازدﯾﺎد ﺣﯾث ﺑﻠﻎ ﻋدد اﻷﯾﺗﺎم ٩ (وﺑﺎﻟﺗﺎﻟﻲ ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﻣن اﻟواﺟب اﻟﻌﻣل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﻔﻌﯾل ٧٦٥٣) ٢٠١٤اﻟﻣودﻋﯾن ﺑﺎﻟﻣؤﺳﺳﺎت ﻋﺎم اﻟﺑراﻣﺞ اﻟﺗﻲ ﺗﻣﺎرس ﻣﻌﻬن ﺑدور اﻟرﻋﺎﯾﺔ اﻻﺟﺗﻣﺎﻋﯾﺔ ، وذﻟك ﻣن أﺟل ﻣواﺟﻬﺔ اﻟﻣﺷﻛﻼت اﻟﺗﻲ ﺣﺗﻰ ﻻ ﯾﻘﻌن ﻓرﯾﺳﺔ ﻟﻠﺗﺷرد ، ﺗﻌﺗرﺿﻬن ﺣﺗﻰ ﯾﺗﺳﻧﻰ ﻣﺳﺎﻋدﺗﻬن ﻋﻠﻰ اﻻﻧدﻣﺎج ﻓﻲ اﻟﻣﺟﺗﻣﻊ واﻻﻧﺣراف، وﻗد زاد أﯾﺿﺎ ﻋدد اﻟﻣؤﺳﺳﺎت اﻟﺗﻲ ﺗرﻋﻲ ﻫذﻩ اﻟﻔﺋﺔ، وأﺧذت ﻓﻲ اﻻﻧﺗﺷﺎر ﺑﺻور (٣٥٥) ﻛﺑﯾرة ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺳﻧوات اﻷﺧﯾرة ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺳﺗوي اﻟﺟﻣﻬورﯾﺔ، ﻓﺑﻠﻎ ﻋددﻫﺎ ﺣواﻟﻲ ﻣؤﺳﺳﺔ وﻫﻲ ﺗﻘوم ﺑرﻋﺎﯾﺗﻬن ، اﻷﻣر اﻟذي ﯾﺳﺗوﺟب ﺿرورة اﻻﻫﺗﻣﺎم ﺑﺎﻟدراﺳﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻫذا اﻟﻣﺟﺎل - ﺗﻘدﯾم اﻟرﻋﺎﯾﺔ واﻻﻫﺗﻣﺎم اﻟﻣﻧﺎﺳب ﻟﻠﯾﺗﯾﻣﺎت ﺑﺄﻓﺿل اﻟﻣﺳﺗوﯾﺎت اﻟﺗﻌﻠﯾﻣﯾﺔ ﺑﻣﺎ ﯾﻌود ١٠ ﻋﻠﯾﻬن ﺑﺎﻟﻧﻔﻊ. . - رﻓﻊ ﻣﺳﺗوى اﻟداﻓﻌﯾﺔ واﻟﻧﺟﺎح وﺗﺣﻘﯾق اﻟذات ١١ - ﺗﺳﺗﻣد اﻟدراﺳﺔ أﻫﻣﯾﺗﻬﺎ ﻣن اﻷﻫﻣﯾﺔ اﻟﻛﺑرى اﻟﺗﻲ ﺗوﻟﯾﻬﺎ اﻟدوﻟﺔ ﻋﻠﻲ اﻟﻣﺳﺗوي اﻟﻣﺣﻠﻲ ١٢ واﻟﻘوﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﻷﯾﺗﺎم وﺗﺧﺻﯾص أول ﺟﻣﻌﺔ ﻣن أﺑرﯾل ﻣن ﻛل ﻋﺎم ﻟﻼﺣﺗﻔﺎل ﺑﺎﻟﯾﺗﯾم ﻟﻠﻌﻣل ﻋﻠﻲ ﺗﻠﺑﯾﺔ اﺣﺗﯾﺎﺟﺎﺗﻪ ورﻏﺑﺎﺗﻪ ﺑﺎﻋﺗﺑﺎرﻫﺎ ﺣﻘﺎً ﻣن ﺣﻘوﻗﻪ . - ﺗﺗﻌرض اﻟﻔﺗﯾﺎت اﻟﯾﺗﯾﻣﺎت إﻟﻲ اﻟﻛﺛﯾر ﻣن اﻟﻣﺷﻛﻼت اﻟﻣﺗرﺗﺑﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳوء اﻟﺗواﻓق ١٣ اﻻﺟﺗﻣﺎﻋﻲ ﻓﺎن ﻣواﺟﻬﺔ ﻣﺷﻛﻼت اﻟﻔﺗﯾﺎت اﻟﯾﺗﯾﻣﺎت ﯾﺟﻧب اﻟﻣﺟﺗﻣﻊ ﻣﺧﺎطر ﻣﺳﺗﻘﺑﻠﯾﺔ وﯾﺟﻌﻠﻬن طﺎﻗﺎت ﻓﻌﺎﻟﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻣﺟﺗﻣﻊ ﺑدﻻً ﻣن أن ﯾﻛوﻧﻧﺎ أداة ﻫدم. . - ﺗﺳﺎﻋد ﻫذﻩ اﻟدراﺳﺔ اﻟﯾﺗﯾﻣﺎت اﻟﻣراﻫﻘﺎت ﻋﻠﻰ اﻧدﻣﺎﺟﻬن ﻓﻲ اﻟﻣﺟﺗﻣﻊ اﻟﺧﺎرﺟﻲ ١٤ . - اﻫﺗﻣﺎم ﻛﺎﻓﺔ اﻷدﯾﺎن اﻟﺳﻣﺎوﯾﺔ ﺑﺎﻷﯾﺗﺎم ١٥ ﺛﺎﻟﺛﺎ:أھداف اﻟدراﺳﺔ : ﺗﺗﻣﺛل ﻓﻲ ﻫدف رﺋﯾﺳﻲ وﻫو اﺧﺗﺑﺎر ﻓﺎﻋﻠﯾﺔ اﺳﺗﺧدام ﻧﻣوذج اﻟﺣﯾﺎة ﻓﻲ اﻟﺗﺧﻔﯾف ﻣن اﻟﻣﺷﻛﻼت اﻟﻣﺗرﺗﺑﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳوء اﻟﺗواﻓق اﻻﺟﺗﻣﺎﻋﻲ ﻟﻠﯾﺗﯾﻣﺎت اﻟﻣراﻫﻘﺎت وﯾﻣﻛن ﺗﺣﻘﯾق ﻫذا اﻟﻬدف اﻟرﺋﯾﺳﻲ ﻣن ﺧﻼل اﻷﻫداف اﻟﻔرﻋﯾﺔ اﻟﺗﺎﻟﯾﺔ؟ - اﺧﺗﺑﺎر ﻓﺎﻋﻠﯾﺔ اﺳﺗﺧدام ﻧﻣوذج اﻟﺣﯾﺎة ﻓﻲ اﻟﺗﺧﻔﯾف ﻣن ﻣﺷﻛﻠﺔ اﻟﺳﻠوك اﻟﻌدواﻧﻲ ﻟدي ١١ اﻟﯾﺗﯾﻣﺎت اﻟﻣراﻫﻘﺎت.
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- اﺧﺗﺑﺎر ﻓﺎﻋﻠﯾﺔ اﺳﺗﺧدام ﻧﻣوذج اﻟﺣﯾﺎة ﻓﻲ اﻟﺗﺧﻔﯾف ﻣن ﻣﺷﻛﻠﺔ اﻻﻧطواء ﻟدى اﻟﯾﺗﯾﻣﺎت ١٢ اﻟﻣراﻫﻘﺎت. - اﺧﺗﺑﺎر ﻓﺎﻋﻠﯾﺔ اﺳﺗﺧدام ﻧﻣوذج اﻟﺣﯾﺎة ﻓﻲ اﻟﺗﺧﻔﯾف ﻣن ﻣﺷﻛﻠﺔ اﻟﻛذب ﻟدى اﻟﯾﺗﯾﻣﺎت ١٣ اﻟﻣراﻫﻘﺎت. - اﺧﺗﺑﺎر ﻓﺎﻋﻠﯾﺔ اﺳﺗﺧدام ﻧﻣوذج ﻓﻲ اﻟﺗﺧﻔﯾف ﻣن ﻣﺷﻛﻠﺔ اﻟﻐﯾرة ﻟدى اﻟﯾﺗﯾﻣﺎت ١٤ اﻟﻣراﻫﻘﺎت. - اﺧﺗﺑﺎر ﻓﺎﻋﻠﯾﺔ اﺳﺗﺧدام ﻧﻣـوذج اﻟﺣﯾـﺎة ﻓـﻲ اﻟﺗﺧﻔﯾـف ﻣـن ﻣﺷـﻛﻠﺔ اﻟﻌﻧـﺎد ﻟـدى اﻟﯾﺗﯾﻣـﺎت ١٥ اﻟﻣراﻫﻘﺎت. راﺑﻌﺎً : ﻓروض اﻟدراﺳﺔ :ﺗﺗﻣﺛل ﻓﻲ ﻓرض رﺋﯾﺳﻲ وﻫو: ”ﺗوﺟد ﻓروق ﻣﻌﻧوﯾﺔ ذات دﻻﻟﺔ إﺣﺻﺎﺋﯾﺔ ﺑﯾن اﺳﺗﺧدام ﻧﻣوذج اﻟﺣﯾﺎة واﻟﺗﺧﻔﯾف ﻣن اﻟﻣﺷﻛﻼت اﻟﻣﺗرﺗﺑﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳوء اﻟﺗواﻓق اﻻﺟﺗﻣﺎﻋﻲ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻘﯾﺎس اﻟﻘﺑﻠﻲ واﻟﺑﻌدي ﻟﻠﯾﺗﯾﻣﺎت اﻟﻣراﻫﻘﺎت” ﯾﻣﻛن ﺗﺣﻘﯾق ﻫذا اﻟﻔرض اﻟرﺋﯾﺳﻲ ﻣن ﺧﻼل اﻟﻔروض اﻟﻔرﻋﯾﺔ اﻟﺗﺎﻟﯾﺔ؟ - ﺗوﺟد ﻓروق ﻣﻌﻧوﯾﺔ ذات دﻻﻟﺔ إﺣﺻﺎﺋﯾﺔ ﺑﯾن اﺳﺗﺧدام ﻧﻣوذج اﻟﺣﯾﺎة واﻟﺗﺧﻔﯾف ﻣن ﻣﺷﻛﻠﺔ ٦ اﻟﺳﻠوك اﻟﻌدواﻧﻲ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻘﯾﺎس اﻟﻘﺑﻠﻲ واﻟﺑﻌدي ﻟﻠﯾﺗﯾﻣﺎت اﻟﻣراﻫﻘﺎت . - ﺗوﺟد ﻓروق ﻣﻌﻧوﯾﺔ ذات دﻻﻟﺔ إﺣﺻﺎﺋﯾﺔ ﺑﯾن اﺳﺗﺧدام ﻧﻣوذج اﻟﺣﯾﺎة و اﻟﺗﺧﻔﯾف ﻣن ﻣﺷﻛﻠﺔ ٧ اﻻﻧطواء ﻓﻲ اﻟﻘﯾﺎس اﻟﻘﺑﻠﻲ واﻟﺑﻌدي ﻟﻠﯾﺗﯾﻣﺎت اﻟﻣراﻫﻘﺎت. - ﺗوﺟد ﻓروق ﻣﻌﻧوﯾﺔ ذات دﻻﻟﺔ إﺣﺻﺎﺋﯾﺔ ﺑﯾن اﺳﺗﺧدام ﻧﻣوذج اﻟﺣﯾﺎة و اﻟﺗﺧﻔﯾف ﻣن ﻣﺷﻛﻠﺔ ٨ اﻟﻛذب ﻓﻲ اﻟﻘﯾﺎس اﻟﻘﺑﻠﻲ واﻟﺑﻌدي ﻟﻠﯾﺗﯾﻣﺎت اﻟﻣراﻫﻘﺎت. - ﺗوﺟد ﻓروق ﻣﻌﻧوﯾﺔ ذات دﻻﻟﺔ إﺣﺻﺎﺋﯾﺔ ﺑﯾن اﺳﺗﺧدام ﻧﻣوذج اﻟﺣﯾﺎة واﻟﺗﺧﻔﯾف ﻣن ﻣﺷﻛﻠﺔ ٩ اﻟﻐﯾر ة ﻓﻲ اﻟﻘﯾﺎس اﻟﻘﺑﻠﻲ ﻓروق ﻣﻌﻧوﯾﺔ واﻟﺑﻌدي ﻟﻠﯾﺗﯾﻣﺎت اﻟﻣراﻫﻘﺎت - ﺗوﺟد ﻓروق ﻣﻌﻧوﯾﺔ ذات دﻻﻟﺔ إﺣﺻﺎﺋﯾﺔ ﺑﯾن اﺳﺗﺧدام ﻧﻣوذج اﻟﺣﯾﺎة واﻟﺗﺧﻔﯾف ﻣن ١٠ ﻣﺷﻛﻠﺔ اﻟﻌﻧﺎد ﻓﻲ اﻟﻘﯾﺎس اﻟﻘﺑﻠﻲ واﻟﺑﻌدي ﻟﻠﯾﺗﯾﻣﺎت اﻟﻣراﻫﻘﺎت ﺧﺎﻣﺳﺎً :ﻣﻔﺎھﯾم اﻟدراﺳﺔ: . -ﻣﻔﻬوم اﻷﯾﺗﺎم ١
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. -ﻣﻔﻬوم اﻟﺗواﻓق اﻻﺟﺗﻣﺎﻋﻲ ٢ . -ﻣﻔﻬوم ﺳوء اﻟﺗواﻓق اﻻﺟﺗﻣﺎﻋﻲ ٣ . - ﻣﻔﻬوم ﻧﻣوذج اﻟﺣﯾﺎة ٤
ﺳﺎدﺳﺎً :اﻹﺟراءات اﻟﻣﻧﮭﺟﯾﺔ ﻟﻠدراﺳﺔ : . ( ﻧوع اﻟدراﺳﺔ: دراﺳﺔ ﺷﺑﺔ ﺗﺟرﯾﺑﯾﺔ ١) : ( اﻟﻣﻧﻬﺞ اﻟﻣﺳﺗﺧدم ٢) ﺑﺎﺳــﺗﺧدام اﻟﻘﯾـــﺎس اﻟﻘﺑﻠــﻲ أﻟﺑﻌــدي ﻋﻠــﻲ اﻟﻣﺟﻣوﻋـــﺔ اﻟواﺣــدة ﺑــﺈﺟراء اﻟﻘﯾـــﺎس ، اﻟﻣــﻧﻬﺞ اﻟﺗﺟرﯾﺑــﻲ ﻋﻠﯾﻬﺎ ﻗﺑل اﻟﺗدﺧل اﻟﻣﻬﻧﻲ وﺑﻌد اﻟﺗدﺧل اﻟﻣﻬﻧﻲ. : ( أدوات اﻟدراﺳﺔ ٣) ﻣﻘﯾﺎس اﻟﻣﺷﻛﻼت اﻟﻣﺗرﺗﺑﺔ و ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳوء اﻟﺗواﻓق اﻻﺟﺗﻣﺎﻋﻲ ﻟﻠﯾﺗﯾﻣﺎت اﻟﻣراﻫﻘﺎت. : ( ﻣﺟﺎﻻت اﻟدراﺳﺔ ٤) -اﻟﻣﺟﺎل اﻟﻣﻛﺎﻧﻲ: ﻣؤﺳﺳﺔ دار اﻟﺻﻔﺎ ﻟرﻋﺎﯾﺔ اﻟﻔﺗﯾﺎت اﻟﯾﺗﯾﻣﺎت ﺑﻣدﯾﻧﺔ وﻣﺣﺎﻓظﺔ أﺳﯾوط. . (ﯾﺗﯾﻣﺔ ١٥) -اﻟﻣﺟﺎل اﻟﺑﺷرى: ﻋﯾﻧﺔ ﻣن اﻟﯾﺗﯾﻣﺎت اﻟﻣراﻫﻘﺎت وﻋددﻫم - اﻟﻣﺟــﺎل اﻟزﻣﻧــﻲ: ﯾﻘﺻــد ﺑﺎﻟﻣﺟــﺎل اﻟزﻣﻧــﻲ اﻟﻔﺗــرة اﻟزﻣﻧﯾــﺔ اﻟﺗــﻲ أﺳــﺗﻐرﻗﻬﺎ ﺗطﺑﯾــق ﺑرﻧــﺎﻣﺞ اﻟﺗــدﺧل ٣ اﻟﻣﻬﻧﻲ ﺣﯾث اﺳﺗﻐرق ﺣواﻟﻲ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ أﺷﻬر ﻣن ١/٧/٢٠١ ٢٠١ /١٠/٣١م إﻟﻰ ٧ .م ٧ ﺳﺎﺑﻌﺎً :اﻟﻣﻌﺎﻟﺟﺎت اﻹﺣﺻﺎﺋﯾﺔ اﺳﺗﺧدﻣت اﻟﺑﺎﺣﺛﺔ اﻟﻣﻌﺎﻟﺟﺎت اﻹﺣﺻﺎﺋﯾﺔ اﻟﺗﺎﻟﯾﺔ : - اﻟﺗﻛرارات واﻟﻧﺳب اﻟﻣﺋوﯾﺔ. - اﻟوﺳط اﻟﺣﺳﺎﺑﻲ . - اﻻﻧﺣراف اﻟﻣﻌﯾﺎري . - ﻣﻌﺎﻣل ارﺗﺑﺎط ﺑﯾرﺳون .
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.z - اﺧﺗﺑﺎر - ﺛﺎﻣﻧﺎً :ﻧﺗﺎﺋﺞ اﻟدراﺳﺔ: - أﺛﺑﺗت ﻧﺗﺎﺋﺞ اﻟدراﺳﺔ اﻟﻛﻣﯾﺔ واﻟﻛﯾﻔﯾﺔ ﺻﺣﺔ ﻛـﻼً ﻣـن اﻟﻔـروض اﻟرﺋﯾﺳـﯾﺔ واﻟﻔرﻋﯾـﺔ وﻛـذﻟك ﺗﺣﻘﯾـق اﻷﻫداف اﻷﺳﺎﺳﯾﺔ ﻟﻠدارﺳﺔ .
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ﻣﻠﺧص اﻟدراﺳﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻠﻐﺔ اﻷﺟﻧﺑﯾﺔ
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Abstract First: Problem of the Study
Family is a very important system in society, since it is the main source of adjusting behavior; through it, man receives his first lessons in life. In spite of its small size, family is one of the most powerful systems in society where man acquires his human nature, and turns from a biological creature into a social being that lives in harmony with others according to the already-established values and convictions in society. Family adjusts individuals’ behavior as it represents the social environment in which s/he grows up, and through which s/he acquires all kinds of human behavior through habits and traditions, in addition to the society-approved values and principles the family acquired from the environment.
Family can also meet the demands of psychological and social development of the individual. Through family, individuals learn to socially interact with people around them, to befriend and communicate with others, to achieve social accommodation and to acquire healthy attitudes towards themselves and towards others. It plays a fundamental role in raising the individual and satisfying his/her needs, since every individual needs to feel safe, respected, valued, and cared about to be a stable human being. This reflects positively on him/ her through experiencing the feelings of loyalty, familiarity, love, and devotion to family and the outsider society. This is what parents provide to their children in the family through interaction and positive relations, which lead to a healthy psychological and social atmosphere for the children to interact with others.
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So, when children lose one or both of their parents as a result of death, they suffer a lot of disorders while they grow up because patents represent authority that helps them to direct and organize their lives, to perceive themselves, and help them acquire skills that enable them to interact with others.
The orphan problem is one of the difficult events teenage orphan girls experience and affects their growth, their attitude towards society, their relationship with others, and their perception of themselves and of life and future. It makes them suffer psychological problems and worries and expose their mental and emotional growth to danger. Sometimes children cannot bear the loss of their parents which causes readiness for committing crimes. All of these problems result from orphan teenage girls’ maladjustment.
Hence, orphan teenage girls represent one of the categories that has been deprived from living in a natural family atmosphere in spite of all the efforts made in all Islamic countries and societies, especially Egypt, to take good care of them in commitment to the Holy Qur’an and the instructions of the Prophet Mohammad (peace be upon him) as it is one of the good deeds that people worship Allah through.
Orphan teenage girls also suffer from: maladjustment with their surroundings, a growing need of independence along with low self- esteem, a psychological and physical feeling of deprivation, a pessimistic view of life, an inability to face life affairs, an inability to make a normal interactive relationship with others, a lack of personal and social
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adaptation, and a tendency to be hostile towards society in general and towards themselves in particular.
The professional intervention using the life model aims at enabling clients(i.e. granting power), individually or in groups, to solve their problems and to reach their potential more effectively. Enabling (granting power) aims at releasing the clients’ inherent potential, exploring and finding resources and opportunities to reinforce the healthy social performance during clients’ attempts to solve their problems and to satisfy their needs.
So, the problem of the study is to test the effectiveness of using the life model in alleviating problems that result from social maladjustment of orphan teenage girls.
Second: Importance of the Study
1- The importance of the developmental stage that orphan teenage girls experience, since it is not just a life-preparing stage, but it is also a stage in which they develop their social, physical, psychological, personal, and mental aspects. The education and care they receive and the experiences they acquire define the traits of their personalities. 2- Girls who are deprived from family care (orphan girls) are increasing. The number of orphans placed in instuons was (7653) in 2014. So, we have to work to acvate programs that play the role of social care institutions with them to face the problems they encounter to help them to be included in the society, so they won’t be vulnerable to homelessness or deviation. The number of
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institutions that patronize this group has also increased and spread widely all over our country especially in recent years; there are (355) instuons that take care of these girls, so, it’s a necessity that we show interest in studying this field. 3- Offering the adequate care and attention to orphan girls by providing them with the best education that benefits them most. 4- Increasing the level of motivation, success, and self-fulfillment. 5- The importance of the study is derived from the interest of the country in the orphans both locally and nationally. The country devotes the first Friday of April every year to celebrate orphans to meet their needs and desires and considers this as their rights. 6- A lot of orphan girls are exposed to problems resulting from social maladjustment, facing these problems protects society from future dangers and turns these girls into effective powers in society instead of being destruction tools. 7- This study helps orphan teenage girls to blend in the outsider society. 8- The attention that all divine religions devote to orphans.
Third: Objectives of the Study:
The main objective of the study is to test the effectiveness of Life Model in alleviating problems resulting from social maladjustment of orphan teenage girls. This objective can be achieved through the following sub- objectives:
1- Testing the effectiveness of Life Model in alleviating orphan teenage girls’ aggressive behavior problem.
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2- Testing the effectiveness of Life Model in alleviating orphan teenage girls’ introversion problem. 3- Testing the effectiveness of Life Model in alleviating orphan teenage girls’ mendacity problem. 4- Testing the effectiveness of Life Model in alleviating orphan teenage girls’ jealousy problem. 5- Testing the effectiveness of Life Model in alleviating orphan teenage girls’ stubbornness problem.
Forth: Hypotheses of the Study:
The main hypothesis:
There are statistically-significant differences between the pre-test and the post-test when using the Life Model to alleviate the problems resulting from social maladjustment of orphan teenage girls. This can be proven by the following sub-hypotheses:
1- There are statistically-significant differences between the pre-test and the post-test when using the Life Model to alleviate the problem of aggressive behavior of orphan teenage girls. 2- There are statistically-significant differences between the pre-test and the post-test when using the Life Model to alleviate the problem of introversion of orphan teenage girls.
3- There are statistically-significant differences between the pre-test and the post-test when using the Life Model to alleviate the problem of mendacity of orphan teenage girls.
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4- There are statistically-significant differences between the pre-test and the post-test when using the Life Model to alleviate the problem of jealousy of orphan teenage girls.
5- There are statistically-significant differences between the pre-test and the post-test when using the Life Model to alleviate the problem of stubbornness of orphan teenage girls.
Fifth: Concepts of the Study:
1- The concept of orphans 2- The concept of social adjustment. 3- The concept of social mal adjustment. 4- The concept of Life Model.
Sixth: Procedures of the Study:
1- Type of the study: semi-experimental. 2- Approach of the Study:
The study used the experimental approach, by using pre- and post-test with the same group before and after the professional intervention.
3- Tools of the study:
Social maladjustment scale
Domains of the study:
- Spatial domain: Dar Assafa institution for patronizing orphan girls in Assuit.
- Human Domain: a sample of 15 orphan teenage girls.
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- Time Domain:
It means the period in which the professional intervention program was applied, which was about three months from 31/7/2017 to 31/10/2017.
Seventh: Methods of Statistical Analysis
The researcher used the following statistical methods:
- Frequencies and percentages. - The mean value. - Standard deviation - Pearson correlation coefficient. - Z test.
Eighth: Results of the Study:
- Quantitative and qualitative results of the study have proven the validity of both the main hypotheses and sub-hypotheses along with the main objectives of the study.