الفهرس 
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Abstract
Acute leukemias (ALs) are clonal diseases characterized by maturation arrest and by enhanced proliferation of hematopoietic precursor cells, which normally would differentiate into mature blood cells. The leukemic cells are released from the bone marrow (BM) into the peripheral blood (PB) and may accumulate in vital organs such as the spleen, liver, skin, central nervous system (CNS) and lymph nodes
ALs can be further subdivided into acute lymphoblastic leukemias (ALL) (either from precursor T or B-cells), and acute myeloblastic leukemias (AML) .
FLT3/CD135 is a member of the class III kinase family receptor and predominantly expressed in haematopoietic cells restricted to the CD34 positive fraction, in addition FLT3 plays a role in cell survival, proliferation, and differentiation.
The present study aimed to asses FLT3 CD135 protein expression in patients with acute leukemia (AML and ALL) also, to evaluate its association with the different clinical and laboratory data.
The current study was carried out on 19 newly diagnosed patients with AML patients and 20 newly diagnosed patients with ALL .As well as 18 age and sex matched healthy subjects as a control group. All patients were subjected to complete history taking, through clinical examination and laboratory investigations including: CBC, bone marrow aspiration with examination of Leishman-stained peripheral blood and bone marrow smears, immunophenotyping and detection of the level of CD135 expression by flow cytometry.
In our study ALL and AML patients showed highly significant lower Hb level and platelet count than control group also, significantly higher WBCS count than control.
FLT3 was positively expressed in 68.4% (13/19) of AML patients and in 65% (13/20) of ALL patients, while all of control group negatively expressed FLT3.
Regarding clinical data a significant relation was found between (CD135) and clinical signs in AML patients ,the highest one was hepatomegaly, On the other hand in ALL patients our result reported significant relation with lymphadenopathy.
Regarding hematological parameters, our study reported a highly significant positive correlation between FLT3 expression and TLC in both AML and ALL patients and significant positive correlation between CD135 and BM blasts in both AML and ALL patients while, no significant correlation between FLT3 expression, Hb level and platelet count in both AML and ALL patients.
Our study found that incidence of CD135 expression was the highest in FAB M5 then M2 followed by M3and M1.
Regarding immunophenotype, our results found that FLT3 was positively correlated with (CD64 and CD117) expression among AML patients.while, in ALL patients FLT3 expression was positively correlated with (CD34 and CD10)
from the results of our study we can conclude that the FLT3 expression can be used as poor prognostic predictor for AML .While in ALL FLT3 expression was associated with some favourable prognostic factors as CD10 and CD34.