الفهرس 
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Abstract
Regenerative medicine is an evolving field of medical researches, this field holds the promise of regenerating damaged tissues and organs in the body by replacing damaged tissue and by stimulating the body’s own repair mechanisms to heal previously irrepairable tissues or organs.
The advent of stem cells as a tool to decipher the cell’s biology and as a source of transplant therapy to correct aging and diseases has become a core research arena for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine as these cell can renew themselves and can differentiate to other cell types according to their potency which differ according to source of cells whether embryonic or adult stem cells. .
A pivotal source of stem cells is the umbilical cord’s Wharton’s jelly (WJ) .The young age of WJ suggests that MSCs harvested from this fetal origin will exhibit more proliferative, immunosuppressive and even therapeutically active stem cells than those isolated from older, adult tissue sources such as the bone marrow or adipose.
The aim of our work was to assess differentiation potential of Wharton jelly derived mesenchymal stem cells into islet like insulin producing cells in order to provide a recent alternative treatment for type 1 diabetes .
The work was conducted at Nile research center at el Mansoura city and Oncology Diagnostic Unit at faculty of Medicine Suez Canal University.
Umbilical cords were processed within 24 hour of collection. MSCs were isolated and cultured in CO2 incubator (37ºC). Cell passaging continued for 21 days. After reaching 80% confluence, Cells were induced for differentiation by addition of acitivin A, Glucagon like peptide and nicotinamide to media.
RNA extraction was performed after 10 days of induction of differentiation then RNA was reverse transcribed to cDNA. Then we assessed gene expression of PDX1 , PAX4 and Insulin gene by real time PCR using syber green master mix.
In our study isolated cells showed morphological charcterstics of MSCs which are plastic adherence and fibroblastoid morphology.
Also our results showed morphological changes after induction of differentiation with formation of clustered cell aggregates.
There was shown significant expression of PDX1, PAX4 and Insulin genes in differentiated cells compared to un differentiated cells from same source.
Wharton jelly has proven to be a favorable source of MSCs and these cells are characterized by their ability to proliferate in culture with attached spindle-shaped morphology and their successful differentiation into islet like insulin producing cells confirmed by presence of specific genes as markers.