الفهرس 
Gut Uremic Toxins
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Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a worldwide health problem that has many clinical outcomes and affecting the patients due to accumulation of uremic toxins.Many classifications for uremic toxins based on different aspects specially bounding to plasma proteins and molecular size are well known now and affect the mechanism and module of replacement therapy that fit End stage renal disease( ESRD) patients.Indoxyl sulphate(IS) is a protein bound uremic toxin that has many deleterious effects on cardiovascular system with deterioration of kidney functions,It is believed that gut kidney axis has main role for production of IS and so targeting gut microbiota and modifying the dysbiotic content in CKD patients can help in decreasing IS.Probiotics are emerging strategy in clinical life and appear to be effective in targeting IS.
Methodology: Study conducted on 92 ESRD patients on regular HD from January/2017 to March/2017 and patients divided to two groups : intervention group receiving probiotics regimen for 6 weeks while control group receiving placebo for the same period.
Results show reduction of IS ( 14±22.71 μg/ml vs 3.6±14.33 μg/ml,Pvalue 0.02) in intervention group vs control group respectively,reduction in serum phosphorus,CRP,lipid profile was recorded.
conclusion : Probiotics cause reduction in IS with reduction in phosphorus,CRP,lipid profile with no reported side effects
Key Words :
Chronic kidney disease(ckd),indoxyl sulphate, probiotics, protein bound uremic toxins