الفهرس 
Aim of the StudyOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Summary:
The present study aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial effect of BAG nano-particles as an intracanal medicament in comparison to:
BAG.
TAP nano.
TAP.
Sixty single rooted extracted teeth were collected for this study. Decoronation of the specimens was done at the length of 15 mm. Specimens were cleaned and shaped using gates glidden for coronal flaring, rotary REVO S system for the entire root canal, in addition to increasing the apical size manually. The canals were irrigated with 2.5% NaOCl after each file. The smear layer was removed by 2.5% NaOCl and 17% EDTA for 3 minutes each respectively. Final flush with 0.9% saline to remove any remnants of chemical agents. The specimens were autoclaved with pressure of (15 Psi) for 15 minutes at 121 ºC.
The E. faecalis cultured on BHI broth overnight at 37 ºC. The bacterial suspension was adjusted to 1.5 x 108 CFU/ml which equivalent 0.5 OD at 620 nm. The specimens placed in micro centrifuge tubes and flooded with 1 ml of bacterial suspension. The specimens centrifuged twice at 2000 rpm for 5 minutes each to force the bacteria into dentinal tubules with suspension replaced after each cycle. The specimens incubated at 37 ºC for 21 days with the refreshment of BHI broth every other day.
Single specimen was selected randomly, longitudinal splitted and verified the biofilm formation by SEM.
The specimens were divided randomly into 6 groups according to the intracanal medicaments (n=10). group 1 (BAG nano.), group 2 (BAG), group 3 (TAP nano.), group 4 (TAP), group 5 (2.5% NaOCl) and group 6 (saline).
All specimens were medicated, sealed coronally and incubated at 37 ºC for 7 days.
The specimens were splitted longitudinally and rinsed with 5 ml of phosphate buffering saline. After that, the specimens were stained with propidium iodide for dead bacteria (red fluorescence) and acridine orange for live bacteria (green fluorescence). The laser wavelength of each stain was adjusted manually. Then, the specimens were scanned by CLSM to evaluate the antimicrobial effect of the medicaments. The percentage of the mean intensity of the red fluorescence to all the green and red fluorescence represented the percentage of the dead bacteria.
The results showed that, the TAP nano. was the highest antimicrobial effect on the whole root canal at 200 and 400 µm depths. Followed by, BAG nano., TAP, BAG, NaOCl respectively and the lowest was saline, with the statistically significance of (p<0.001).
While, the effect of root segment on medicaments, the coronal parts were the highest affected by medicaments in all groups except the TAP nano-form group showed the priority of apical part. Whereas that, the middle parts were higher than apical parts in groups (1, 2, 4 and 5) at 200 µm depth and in groups (2, 4 and 5) at 400 µm depth, the apical parts were higher in the others.
Conclusions:
Under the conditions of the present study, the following were concluded:
Intracanal medication plays an important role in eradication of E. faecalis biofilm.
The nano-technology has improved the materials properties, make them better than the conventional counterparts.
The BAG and TAP are more effective than NaOCl against E. faecalis.
Confocal laser scanning microscope is an excellent method for detection and counting as it scan subsurface of the samples.
Recommendation:
More researches should be conducted to evaluate BAG nano in endodontic regeneration procedure, and the physical properties of BAG nano and TAP nano and their effect of tooth structure.
The cytotoxicity of BAG nano and TAP nano should be evaluated also.