الفهرس 
Introduction and aim of workOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
The incidence of subclinical macular oedema after uneventful cataract surgery has become an issue of safety for this frequently performed operation.Advances in phacoemulsification techniques and intraocular lens design have led to improved outcomes following cataract surgery. Nevertheless, macular oedema may develop and can result in suboptimal postoperative vision. It is believed that the stress of ocular surgery initiates a cascade of inflammatory events that can lead to a breakdown of the blood retinal barrier and the accumulation of intraretinal fluid.
In diabetic patient, macular edema is the main cause of vision loss in patients with diabetes. Because it is important to be able to predict long-term visual effects before cataract surgery is performed, surgeons need to have a better understanding of the natural course of diabetic macular oedema in after cataract surgery.
OCT is a non-invasive and high-resolution imaging modality that can provide depth-resolved tomograms of biologic tissue morphology in vivo.
OCT images allow a direct visualization of retinal pathology and enable the visualization of internal retinal structure on the level of architectural morphology.
Furthermore, OCT can provide quantitative information of retinal architecture or other intraocular structures. Since OCT can achieve a high-resolution measurement of retinal thickness of up to 10 mm, it may be able to detect subtle changes in retinal thickness which is not clinically evident.
This study provided an assessment of the risk factors that may contribute to an increased incidence of ME after phacoemulsification especially in diabetic patients. And to detect if there is difference between postoperative diabetic and non-diabetic patients regarding the foveal thickness.
This study was conducted on 50 eyes of 43 subjects who underwent uneventful phacoemulsification and posterior chamber IOL implantation. They were divided into 2 groups; group 1 and group 2.
Group(1): Diabetes mellitus group (DM group) consisted of 25 eyes
Group(2): Control group consisted of 25 eyes
Our study was to measure the change of mean foveal thickness in diabetic (DM group) and non-diabetic patients (control group) after uncomplicated phacoemulsification surgery. So Preoperative and 30 days postoperative OCT measurements were compared, and the relation between MFT and BCVA were analyzed.
Mean foveal thickness (MFT) represents the mean thickness of a foveal area of a diameter of 1000 μm (1mm).
In diabetic group; the mean foveal thickness (MFT) increased significantly from (254.88 ± 32.53) preoperative to (310.52 ± 64.74) at 30 days respectively.
While in control group; the mean preoperative foveal thickness of the patients was (228.28 ± 18.65) and then (269.16 ± 23.59) after 30 days postoperative.
The significant increase of mean foveal thickness was at 4 weeks postoperative in both groups.
Our data indicated that, although in each group; there is a significant increase in MFT postoperatively. However, there is a significant statistical difference between both groups regarding MFT after 30 days postoperative.
Also there is improvement in BCVA progressively postoperative in each group, but there is statistical significant difference between both groups.
It was found out that there is moderate positive correlation between MFT and age, but there is a significant positive correlation between MFT and duration of DM and between Log MAR VA and MFT after one month postoperative .also It was found out that there is no statistically significant correlation between duration of DM and staging of DR.