الفهرس 
Total intravenous anaesthesia (TIVA)
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Abstract
Total intravenous anaesthesia (TIVA) can be defined as a technique of general anaesthesia using a combination of agents given slowely exclusively by the intravenous route and in the absence of all inhalational agents including nitrous oxide. Total intravenous anaesthesia has become popular, practical in a recent anaesthesia practice for two main reasons.Firstly, unlike other popular intravenous agents of the past, the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of drugs like propofol and the synthetic short acting opioids make them very suitable for administration by
continuous infusion.Secondly,new concepts in pharmacokinetic modelling and advances in computer technology have allowed the development of sophisticated delivery systems which make control of anaesthesia given by the intravenous route as straight forward and user friendly as conventional inhalational techniques.
ketofol is a combination of propofol and ketamine . Now, ketofol is popular for short procedural sedation and analgesia. Propofol is a short-acting non-barbiturate intravenous anaesthetic agent introduced in 1980s. It is presented as an aqueous solution in soya oil and egg phosphatide. Its uses include the induction and maintenance of general anesthesia, sedation for mechanically ventilated adults, and procedural sedation.