الفهرس 
DystoniaOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
The effect of tDCS is comparable to that of BoNT. It is slightly lower than that of BoNT in cervical dystonia, equal to BoNT in UL dystonia, and superior to BoNT in LL dystonia. Lack of pain reduction in tDCS group is something expected due to lack of pain relieving effect of cathodal stimulation of motor area.
BoNT is superior in pain reduction due to its documented effect on inhibiting pain mediators peripherally. The effect of tDCS starts early at the last session, reaches maximum at one month and persists to 3 months with minimal decline. BoNT effect delays in comparison to tDCS, reaches maximum at one month and totally disappears at 3 months. No adverse effects occurred in tDCS group.
1. To determine if cathodal transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is an effective tool in patients with focal cervical, upper limb, and lower limb dystonias.
2. To compare the effect of tDCS with that of botulinum toxin therapy (BoNT), which is an established treatment in focal dystonia to reach out the preferable technique in cases of focal cervical, upper limb, and lower limb dystonias.