الفهرس 
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Abstract
To evaluate the influence of surface conditioning of titanium abutments on the clinical outcome of dental implants restored with zirconia all-ceramic crowns. Materials and methods: Twenty-one patients seeking replacement of missing mandibular first molar were selected according to certain criteria. The patients enrolled in this study were divided into three groups (n=7) according to the surface conditioning of implant abutments, as follows: group (I): No conditioning (abutment as received from the manufacture); group (II): Abutment as received with universal primer application; and group (III): Airborne–particle abrasion of abutment with universal primer application. Zirconia all-ceramic crowns were cemented to the abutments with self-adhesive resin cement according to the delayed loading protocol. Follow-up visits were scheduled immediately after crown placement, one and half month, 6 and 12 months after prosthetic loading. The statistical analyses were done with ANOVA, post-hoc LSD and Chi-square test at P value = 0.05. Results: There was no statistically significant difference in terms of the restorations’ marginal integrity, anatomic form, surface texture and color (p ≥ 0.05). However, in term of radiographic evaluation, there was a significance difference in the marginal bone level of the three groups after 12 months (p = 0.03). Conclusions: Within the limitation of this clinical study, the following conclusion was drawn: Despite the peri-implant marginal bone loss (p = 0.03), the implants were stable. The surface conditioning of titanium abutment did not significantly affect the clinical outcome of the two-piece titanium implants which replaced the missing mandibular first molars.