الفهرس 
CHAPTER (1) “Introduction”Only 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
1. Introduction
Currently the application of concrete is continuously increasing throughout the world. Cement, the main ingredient of concrete, has higher environmental impact on global warming. 10% of total CO2 emission is due to cement industry. Manufacture of sustainable concrete is one an immediate requirement for environmental justification. Admixtures with filling capacity can be added to concrete to improve its characteristics. Bacterial concrete is a novel research domain. It is used for cementitious materials that self-heal automatically using the mechanism of bio-mineralization. The idea of introducing bacteria in concrete is to precipitate calcite in pores and cracked areas.
2. The Aim of This Work
The main objective of this thesis is to develop concrete that can autonomic regain the loss of performance due to cracks; by using new approach that is called bio-concrete. This technique decreases costs of maintenance and repair; it also increases service life of concrete. The use of this biological repair technique is highly desirable because the mineral precipitation induced as a result of microbial activities is pollution free and natural.
3. Thesis Outline
There were three stages of work:-
1. The first stage was using Bacillus subtilis (BS) and Bacillus megaterium (BM). They were added to mortar with two ratios (1% and 0.5%) of cement weight. Calcium Lactate was added as nutrition to bacteria by 0.5% and 0.25% of cement weight, respectively.