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Abstract It had been hypothesized that HCV might be involved in the pathogenesis of B-cell NHL due to the close association between hepatitis C virus (HCV) and essential mixed cryoglobulinemia (EMC), which is considered an expression of a low-grade non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL). That relationship between HCV infection and NHL lymphomas has been a subject of intense research. The aim of the study is to determine the prevalence of HCV infection in the patients affected by B- and its possible significance in the pathogenesis and its effect on the outcome of the treatment. The current study, was conducted on 200 patients presented with Bcell non- - confirmed and treated in Oncology department, Faculty of medicine, Menoufiya university. NHLs were classified according to WHO classification. All the patients were subjected for full history taking clinical examination and routine staging procedures. The patients were classified as 163 had DLBCL (81.5%) which represented the majority of the patients ,23 had FL (13.4%) and 14 had MZL (7.2%). HCV-RNA measured by RT-PCR was detected in (97/200 total subjects, 48.5%). 130 patients (65%) achieved complete response (CR), 40 patients (20%) had partial response (PR). 11 patients had stable disease and 19 patients(9.5%) had progressive disease. Hepatic toxicity was registered in 45 patients (22.5%). With a follow-up of 12 months, five patients had releapsed disease . RFS rate was 96.7%. With a followup of 12 months , 20 patients died. 14 of the deaths (70%) were due to lymphoma progression , five hepatic failure and one other causes. OS rate was 94.5%. There was a non-significant differences between the two groups of patients regarding response to treatment. Incidence of hepatic toxicity observed more in patients with HCV infection but that was nonsignificant stastically and HCV infection was not determined to be a strong risk factor for this adverse effect . Incidence of severe hepatic toxicity grade (3-4) was higher in HCV-positive patients. There was statistically a high significant difference in response to treatment between patients with hepatitic toxicity and those without as HCV-positive patients who developed severe hepatic toxicity showed significantly less response to the treatment used in NHL .There was a non-significant relation between treatment and hepatic toxicity. The addition of rituximab to chemotherapy regimens had a non-significant relation with hepatic toxicity .There was stastically a non-significant difference between the HCV-positive group and HCV- negative group as regard relapse , relapse free survival, mortality and OS. |