الفهرس 
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Abstract
Hepatitis C is caused by the infection with the hepatitis C virus. When the virus entered the body of the person it caused severe inflammation of the liver which leading to dangerous liver damage. It is subdivided into chronic hepatitis C virus (CHC) and acute hepatitis C virus (AHC). The infection with the virus begins in a gradual manner with unknown symptoms. Nearly of 40% of the infected patients recovered fully while the rest become chronic carriers of the infection. chronic HCV infection may leads to cirrhosis, hepatic failure and hepatocellular carcinoma.
During the recent years we noticed that chronic HCV patient were subjected to advanced extremely clinical care; by virtue of develop the comprehension of the disorder of physiological processes which associated with the disease. chronic HCV patients were subjected to treatment with ribavirin and interferon (IFN-α) but, which is not effective in 60% of these patients.
The precise mechanisms behind the failure of chronic HCV patients to IFN- based therapy are not clearly known. Therefore, this study aimed to measure in chronic HCV patients certain immunological and biochemical markers including the expression of IDO, NOS, CD3 zeta as well the total numbers of blood leukocytes and granulocytes in both responder and non- responder chronic HCV patients who were treated with interferon and ribavirin, which could explain the failure from the therapy.
In this study, peripheral blood samples were collected from thirty patients with chronic HCV infection and ten healthy control volunteers. Patients were categorized in to responders and non –responders according to viral titer upon IFN- α treatment.
The level of IDO, NOS were measured in the sera of the recruited subjects and CD3 was assessed in the peripheral blood by using flow- cytometry.