الفهرس 
Embryology of the spleenOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Hypersplenism is frequent devastating complication of portal hypertension due to post hepatitis C cirrhosis. It can be defined as anemia, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, or a combination of these in the presence of normocellular or hyper cellular bone marrow resulting from excessive, splenic sequestration or pooling of blood cells, usually associated with clinical splenomegaly and always ameliorated by splenectomy . Surgical splenectomy was considered for long as sole treatment for hypersplenism. Due to frequent and severe morbidity and even mortality associated with splenectomy and after development of PSE by Spigos and colleagues , PSE began to take lead as a safer and effective solution for hypersplenism. However , PSE was associated with many complication such as intermittent fever, abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting( postembolization syndrome)splenic abscess, splenic rupture, pneumonia, refractory ascites, pleural effusion and gastrointestinal bleeding and to ensure a sustained and long-term increase in platelet and leucocytic counts, the splenic infarction rate needs to be greater than 50% ,thus severe complications can ensue