الفهرس 
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Abstract
The present investigation was devoted to observe the effect of several alelochemicals, destruxins as secondary metabolites excreted in the culture medium of the entomopathogenic fungus, Metarhizium anisopliae , and obtained by extraction process with solvent chloroform, the allelochemicals of black pepper (Piper nigrum ) obtained in the methanol extract of dried fruits also allelochemicals of Moringa oleifera obtained in methanol extract of the leaves of Moringa, against the tetranychid mite Tetranychus cucurbitacearumcomparing with some traditional insecticides, spinosad, abamectin and buprofezin). The aim of this part was an attempt to found a new natural compounds as new trends of acaricides these compounds also have advantage of biodegradation, economic affordability, environmental safety and easy handling also it can be termed green pesticides which pose less risk to human, non-target organisms and environment than traditional pesticides.Moreover, the objective of this investigation was extended to study the latent effect of the tested allelochemicals at sub lethal concentrations against tetranychid mite, T. cucurbitacearum through let a new hatching larvae of T. cucurbitacearum, feed and complete its life cycle exposing to sub-lethal concentrations of the three tested allelochemicals, to determine the effects of these allelochemicals on the life cycle of T. cucurbitacearum.The investigation was also extended to study the joint action effect of the tested three allelochemicals mixed with tested traditional insecticides that it can be used in the integrated handling of such pests. The aim of this part is reducing the amount of uses of chemical insecticides with natural products in the same formula to reduce the costs of insecticides and reducing of the environmental and human risks.Moreover, the objective of this investigation was extended to detect the impact and selective toxicity of tested traditional and nontraditional (allelochemicals) compounds against predaceous mites, phytoseiulus persimilis adult females. The investigation also deviated to evaluate the effects of the three commercial acaricides ( abamectin , spinosad and buprofezin )and two botanical extract( Piper nigrum and Moringa oleifera) against spider mite, Tetranychus cucurbitacearum on the germination percentages of the fungus, M. anisopliae conidia after 24 h in liquid cultures.Also the study deals with the effect of sublethal concentrations of the newer tested allelochemicals (Destruxin , P. nigrum and M. oleifera extract) and the entomopathogenic fungus, M. anisopliae on some enzymatic systems activities (phenoloxidase) against deutonymphs and (Tranaminase AST, Tranaminase ALT, Alkaline phosphatase and Acid phosphatase) against adult females of spider mite, T. cucurbitacearum, 24 hours of exposure. Finally the investigation was completed with the identification of the components of the tested allelochemicals extracts by the familiar GC/MS technique and Mass Spectrum. results indicated that the crude extract of Piper nigrum methanolic extract show high toxic effect to spider mite, T. cucurbitacearum than that of destruxin and moringa. The major component found in the methanolic extract of piper nigrum was Piperine which detected at retention time 34.34 min. with area % 58.44 % of the extract.
Key words:Tetranychus cucurbitacearum, Metarhizium anisopliae, Piper nigrum, Moringa oleifera, abamectin, spinosad, buprofezin
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