الفهرس 
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Abstract
nine species of fishes , belonging to two families osphronemide, and characidae(order: perciformes and characifformes)were cyto- and molecule-genetically studied, using air drying technique and ISSR-PCR analysis. the results of cytogenetically analysis karyotyping) and of ISSR-PCR analysis were compared with those obtained from the classical methods in taxonomy using morphological and anatomical characters, the following is a summary of the results.