الفهرس 
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Abstract
The aim of this work is to evaluate the pharmacokinetics of cefquinome in camels and to compare its pharmacokinetics in apparently healthy and Trypanosoma evansi infected camels. A single dose of cefquinome was administered intravenously and intramuscularly at 1 mg/kg to two groups of camels with a 30 days washout period in-between. group (1) included five normal she-camels and group (2): included five Trypanosoma evansi naturally infected she-camels. Plasma concentrations of cefquinome were determined by HPLC-MS/MS assay. Cefquinome concentration vs. time data after IV and IM was best fitted to a two-compartment open model in normal and infected camels. Cefquinome mean values of area under concentration–time curve (AUC) were 15.37±1.06 μg/ml.h for IV dose and 12.85±2.15 μg/ml.h for IM dose. Distribution half-lives and elimination half-lives after IV dose were 0.14±0.04 h and 3.15±0.22 h and 1.42±0.11 h and 6.68±0.87 h for IM dose. The values of total body clearance (Cltot) and volume of distribution at steady state (Vss) were 0.07±0 L/kg/h and 0.27±0.02 l/kg, respectively following intravenous injection. Following a single intramuscular injection of 1 mg cefquinome /kg.b.wt. in normal camels, The pharmacokinetics parameter revealed that the maximum serum concentration (Cmax) was 3.2±0.39 µg/ml reached at maximum time (Tmax) at about 0.82±0.06 h, the absorption half-life [t1/2ab] was 0.26±0.03 hours, the elimination half-life t1/2β was 6.68±0.87hours and bioavailability of 85.52±11.09 %. The present study recommended that the intravenous and intramuscular injection of cefquinome is effective against, Streptococcus spp., staphylococci, Klebsiella spp., Pasteurella spp., Salmonella spp., enteric and systemic Escherichia coli. at a dose rate of 1mg/kg twice daily for the normal and the naturally infected camels with Trypanosoma evansi, which did not suffer from fever or parasitaemia.